Gut Metabolites of Anthocyanins, Gallic Acid, 3-O-Methylgallic Acid, and 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde, Inhibit Cell Proliferation of Caco-2 Cells
Gut Metabolites of Anthocyanins, Gallic Acid, 3-O-Methylgallic Acid, and 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde, Inhibit Cell Proliferation of Caco-2 Cells
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DOI：
10.1021/jf9040172
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发表时间：
2010-05-12
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Waterhouse, Andrew L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forester, Sarah C.;Waterhouse, Andrew L.
肠道微生物群将花青素代谢为酚酸和醛。这些代谢物可以解释花青素消耗与结肠癌发病率降低之间的关系。在此，将所有六种主要代谢物与赤霞珠花青素提取物一起以 0-1000 μM 的浓度与 Caco-2 细胞一起孵育 72 小时，以确定对细胞增殖的影响，并孵育 24 小时以评估细胞毒性作用，并以 140 μM 的浓度孵育 24 小时以测量细胞凋亡的诱导。这些测量基于比色法。没食子酸和3-O-甲基没食子酸在低浓度下可抑制细胞增殖且缺乏细胞毒性。醛代谢物和花青素提取物在低浓度下也能抑制细胞增殖，并且在较宽的浓度范围内具有较低的细胞毒性。在有效减少细胞增殖的四种物质中，醛是最好的细胞凋亡诱导剂。此外，这四种处理在生长培养基中快速降解，表明随后的氧化产物参与了细胞活力的降低。这些结果表明，花青素微生物代谢物没食子酸、3-O-甲基没食子酸和2,4,6-三羟基苯甲醛比花青素更有效地减少Caco-2细胞的细胞增殖，并且可能在肠道中形成后提供针对结肠癌的保护。
Gut microflora metabolize anthocyanins to phenolic acids and aldehydes. These metabolites may explain the relationship between anthocyanin consumption and reduced incidence of colon cancer. Here, all six major metabolites, along with a Cabernet Sauvignon anthocyanin extract, were incubated with Caco-2 cells at concentrations of 0-1000 mu M over 72 h to determine effects on cell proliferation and for 24 h to assess cytotoxicity effects and at 140 mu M for 24 h to measure induction of apoptosis. These measurements were based on colorimetric methods. Gallic acid and 3-O-methylgallic acid inhibited cell proliferation and lacked cytotoxicity at low concentrations. The aldehyde metabolite and anthocyanin extract also inhibited cell proliferation at low concentrations and had low cytotoxicity at a wide range of concentrations. Of the four substances that effectively reduced cell proliferation, the aldehyde was the best inducer of apoptosis. In addition, these same four treatments degraded quickly in growth media, suggesting the involvement of subsequent oxidation products in the reduction of cell viability. These results indicate that the anthocyanin microfloral metabolites gallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde reduce cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells more effectively than anthocyanins and may offer protection against colon cancer after their formation in the gut.