Pulse Wave Imaging Coupled With Vector Flow Mapping: A Phantom, Simulation, and In Vivo Study.
Pulse Wave Imaging Coupled With Vector Flow Mapping: A Phantom, Simulation, and In Vivo Study.
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DOI：
10.1109/tuffc.2021.3074113
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Konofagou EE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karageorgos GM;Apostolakis IZ;Nauleau P;Gatti V;Weber R;Kemper P;Konofagou EE
脉搏波成像（PWI）是一种超声成像模式，通过跟踪脉搏波传播来估计成像动脉段的壁硬度。本研究的目的是将PWI与矢量流成像相结合，实现血管壁机械特性和2-D流模式的同时和共定位映射。使用PWI采集序列实现了两种矢量流成像技术：1）多角度矢量多普勒，2）基于互相关的矢量流成像（CC VFI）方法。使用具有嵌入斑块的血管体模，沿着具有与体模设置相同的几何形状和入口流的空间配准FSI模拟，在体外评价了两种矢量流成像技术。通过模拟和体模实验获得的流量大小和矢量方向进行了比较，在狭窄前和狭窄段的体模，并在5个不同的时间帧。在大多数比较中，CC VFI提供的偏差或精度显著低于矢量多普勒方法（p<0.05），表明性能更好。此外，所提出的技术被应用到不同年龄的非动脉粥样硬化受试者的颈动脉，以研究PWI派生的动脉壁顺应性和流速之间的关系在体内。斯皮尔曼的排序检验显示顺应性与峰值流速大小之间正相关（rs=0.90，p<0.001），而老年人（54-73岁）的顺应性显着降低（p<0.01）和峰值流速大小降低（p<0.001）年轻人（24-32岁）科目最后，初步的可行性显示在动脉粥样硬化的颈总动脉在体内。所提出的成像模式成功地提供了有关血流模式和动脉壁硬度的信息，并有望为研究颈动脉生物力学提供额外的见解，并有助于颈动脉疾病的诊断和监测。
Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is an ultrasound imaging modality that estimates the wall stiffness of an imaged arterial segment by tracking the pulse wave propagation. The aim of the present study is to integrate PWI with vector flow imaging, enabling simultaneous and co-localized mapping of vessel wall mechanical properties and 2-D flow patterns. Two vector flow imaging techniques were implemented using the PWI acquisition sequence: 1) multi-angle vector Doppler, and 2) a cross correlation based vector flow imaging (CC VFI) method. The two vector flow imaging techniques were evaluated in vitro using a vessel phantom with an embedded plaque, along with spatially registered FSI simulations with the same geometry and inlet flow as the phantom setup. The flow magnitude and vector direction obtained through simulations and phantom experiments were compared in a pre-stenotic and stenotic segment of the phantom and at 5 different time frames. In most comparisons, CC VFI provided significantly lower bias or precision than the vector Doppler method (p<0.05) indicating better performance. In addition, the proposed technique was applied to the carotid arteries of non-atherosclerotic subjects of different ages in order to investigate the relationship between PWI-derived compliance of the arterial wall and flow velocity in vivo. Spearman’s rank-order test revealed positive correlation between compliance and peak flow velocity magnitude (rs=0.90, p<0.001), while significantly lower compliance (p<0.01) and lower peak flow velocity magnitude (p<0.001) was determined in older (54–73 y.o.) compared to young (24–32 y.o.) subjects. Finally, initial feasibility was shown in an atherosclerotic common carotid artery in vivo. The proposed imaging modality successfully provided information on blood flow patterns and arterial wall stiffness, and is expected to provide additional insight in studying carotid artery biomechanics, as well as aid in carotid artery disease diagnosis and monitoring.