Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh
Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh
复制标题
孟加拉国基于社区的减少灾害风险方法
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-54252-0_12
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rajib Shaw and M A Abedin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Umma Habiba;Rajib Shaw and M A Abedin
一些灾害在孟加拉国非常常见。其中，洪水、热带气旋和干旱是最具破坏性的灾害，对民生影响巨大。在每一场灾害中，社区内的人们遭受的灾害影响最大，他们是第一批在灾害中生存的第一线反应者。在灾害期间或之后，经常可以看到外部支持较晚才能拯救社区。在这方面，以社区为基础的减少灾害风险是一个新的概念，它提供了一个机会，使减少灾害风险的土著知识相互吻合，并确定在社区一级将减少风险纳入主流的战略。在孟加拉国，社区与不同的国际组织以及政府组织或非政府组织合作，制定了一些社区驱动的办法。因此，它最终有助于建设地方社区的能力，以便防备和应对灾害所面临的紧急情况。相反，孟加拉国政府设立了粮食和灾害管理部，通过该部开展国内的所有灾害管理活动。此外，政府现在更加重视社区和地方政府参与灾害管理系统。甚至，伯利兹政府还在林业与灾害管理部下制定了综合灾害管理方案，以减少国家对自然灾害的脆弱性，并加强灾害管理活动。然而，在联合国开发计划署（开发计划署）的援助下，通过最近的国家方案，地方政府的跨国界减灾活动现已制度化。
A number of disasters are very common in Bangladesh. Among them, flood, tropical cyclone and drought are the most catastrophic disaster, which has substantial effect on livelihood. In every disaster, people within the community suffer most the disaster impacts and they are the first front line responders to survive with disaster. During or after disaster period, it has been often seen that external support comes later to rescue community. In this regard, community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) is a new concept that provides an opportunity to dovetail indigenous knowledge for disaster risk reduction and settle strategy to mainstream risk reduction at the community level. In Bangladesh, the communities have developed a number of community driven approaches with the collaboration with different international as well as governmental organization or NGO. Thus it eventually helps in building the capacity of the local community to prepare and respond with emergency faced by disasters. On the contrary, Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has established Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM) through which it operates all disaster management activities within the country. Besides, Government now gives more emphasis on the involvement of community and local government in the disaster management system. Even, GoB established comprehensive disaster management program (CDMP) under MoFDM to reduce the nation’s vulnerability to natural hazards and to strengthen disaster management activities. However, CBDRR activities are now institutionalized in local government through the recent national program of CDMP with the assistance of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).