Genomic Elucidation of a COVID-19 Resurgence and Local Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China
Genomic Elucidation of a COVID-19 Resurgence and Local Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China
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中国广州 COVID-19 卷土重来和 SARS-CoV-2 本地传播的基因组阐明
DOI：
10.1128/jcm.00079-21
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Ni, Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jia, Hong-Ling;Li, Peng;Ni, Ming
尽管中国于二零二零年初经历了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例的高峰和下降，但随后数月持续出现区域性疫情。COVID-19疫情亦于多个其他国家重现。在中国广州，2020年3月和4月出现了一次涉及不到100名居民的小规模疫情，并对SARS-CoV-2进行了全面和近实时的基因组监测。当海外旅行者中确诊病例的数量增加时，公共卫生措施得到了加强，从自我隔离转向了中央隔离，并对所有海外旅行者进行了SARS-CoV-2检测。在对109例输入性病例的分析中，我们发现了分布在全球病毒遗传学中的多种病毒变体，这些变体经常在家庭内部共享，但不在同一航班的乘客之间共享。与输入性病例的病毒多样性相反，本地传播主要归因于从非洲输入的两种特定变体，包括报告与输入性病例无直接或间接接触的本地病例。在采取加强措施之前，确定或推断病毒的传入事件。这些结果表明，这些干预措施有效地遏制了SARS-CoV-2的传播，并排除了2020年1月和2月第一波病毒变种神秘传播的可能性。我们的研究提供了证据，强调了在大流行背景下对海外旅行者进行控制的重要性，并阐明了病毒基因组数据如何促进COVID-19监测和为公共卫生缓解策略提供信息。
While China experienced a peak and decline in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases at the start of 2020, regional outbreaks continuously emerged in subsequent months. Resurgences of COVID-19 have also been observed in many other countries. In Guangzhou, China, a small outbreak, involving less than 100 residents, emerged in March and April 2020, and comprehensive and near-real-time genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted. When the numbers of confirmed cases among overseas travelers increased, public health measures were enhanced by shifting from self-quarantine to central quarantine and SARS-CoV-2 testing for all overseas travelers. In an analysis of 109 imported cases, we found diverse viral variants distributed in the global viral phylogeny, which were frequently shared within households but not among passengers on the same flight. In contrast to the viral diversity of imported cases, local transmission was predominately attributed to two specific variants imported from Africa, including local cases that reported no direct or indirect contact with imported cases. The introduction events of the virus were identified or deduced before the enhanced measures were taken. These results show the interventions were effective in containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and they rule out the possibility of cryptic transmission of viral variants from the first wave in January and February 2020. Our study provides evidence and emphasizes the importance of controls for overseas travelers in the context of the pandemic and exemplifies how viral genomic data can facilitate COVID-19 surveillance and inform public health mitigation strategies.