Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color
Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2019.05.001
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Jakobsen, Krisztina V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simpson, Elizabeth A.;Maylott, Sarah E.;Jakobsen, Krisztina V.
即使在复杂的环境中，人类也能快速定位和识别人脸。在目前的研究中，我们探索了面孔的一些社会和感知特征，这些特征可能有助于这种能力。我们测量了婴儿和成人对包含人和动物面孔的复杂、不同种类的图像阵列的注意力。阵列是直立或倒置的180，并且是彩色或灰度的。3-5个月(n=51)和10-11个月(n=34)的婴儿观看6项数列(实验1)，而成年人(n=120)搜索项数列(实验2)。我们发现，3到5个月大的婴儿已经在注意捕获、注意力保持和整体检测的人脸检测中表现出强烈的同种偏见，这表明人脸检测的专门化程度令人惊讶地早。此外，这种非凡的能力是强大的，即使在颜色和方向被打乱的情况下也是明显的，并随着年龄的增长而变得更强。有趣的是，通过特定物种的低水平操作，婴儿的面部检测能力会降低，只对动物的面部检测产生负面影响，但不会影响人类的面部检测。相比之下，成年人的人脸检测效率同样会因为跨物种的低水平操作而降低，这表明在自己物种的人脸检测中存在潜在的年龄差异。对于婴儿来说，社会相关性(物种)可能比低水平的感知特征发挥更重要的作用，确保婴儿关心、联系和学习他们周围的人。在婴儿期进行有效的人脸检测可能会反映出同种面孔作为一个类别的独特性，这可能是由于它们的社会相关性。(C)2019 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the current study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180 and in color or grayscale. Infants, aged 3-5 months (n = 51) and 10-11 months (n = 34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), whereas adults (n = 120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-month-olds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants' face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively affecting only animal face detection but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults' face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring that infants attend to, connect with, and learn from the people around them. Efficient human face detection during infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.