APPLICATION OF THE CASE-CONTROL METHOD IN THE EVALUATION OF SCREENING
APPLICATION OF THE CASE-CONTROL METHOD IN THE EVALUATION OF SCREENING
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036136
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
WEISS, NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WEISS, NS
一项关于筛查测试有效性的病例对照研究比较了两组人以前使用该测试的情况：1)那些因筛查目的是要识别的疾病而遭受不良后果的人；2)这些病例来自的人群成员，或筛查历史反映该人群的人。在筛查导致不良结果发生率降低的程度上，筛查病史--在病情出现期间，在临床表现出来之前，通过使用该测试可以检测到--在对照组中比在病例中更常见。例如，一项关于粪便潜血筛查预防结直肠癌死亡率的病例对照研究将在诊断前对死于这种疾病的人进行这种筛查的频率与病例所在人群的相应病史进行比较。这种类型的评估共同衡量：1)筛查操作在相对较早的阶段或在病情的先兆阶段识别病情的能力，以及2)当时实施的治疗产生比
A case-control study of the efficacy of a screening test compares the prior use of that test in two groups of persons: 1) those who have suffered an adverse outcome of a condition that the screening is intended to identify; and 2) members of the population from which these cases were drawn, or persons whose screening history reflects that of the population. To the extent that screening leads to a reduced incidence of the adverse outcome, a history of screening—during the period in which the condition is present and detectable through the use of that test, before becoming clinically apparent—will be more common in controls than in cases. For example, a case-control study of the efficacy of fecal occult blood screening in the prevention of mortality from colorectal cancer would compare the frequency of such screening, prior to diagnosis, of persons who died of this disease with the corresponding history of persons from the population from which the cases arose. An evaluation of this sort measures, jointly, 1) the ability of the screening maneuver to identify either the condition at a relatively early stage or an antecedent of the condition, and 2) the ability of treatment administered at that time to produce a more favorable outcome than