Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from the wood stove combustion of prevalent United States tree species
Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from the wood stove combustion of prevalent United States tree species
复制标题
DOI：
10.1089/ees.2004.21.705
复制
发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Simoneit, BRT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fine, PM;Cass, GR;Simoneit, BRT
住宅木材燃烧是美国环境细颗粒物水平的重要贡献者。在美国，大约二分之一到三分之二的住宅木材燃烧发生在木火炉中，而不是壁炉中。因此，这两个来源之间的任何差异都必须在化学质量平衡受体模型中得到考虑，该模型试图确定木材烟雾源对周围细颗粒样品的贡献。为了充分表征燃木炉的细颗粒排放，并将排放曲线与之前壁炉实验确定的排放曲线进行比较，对燃木炉中最常见的美国树种的燃烧进行了一系列源测试。为这些测试选择的配备催化剂的木炉在非催化和催化条件下运行，以评估催化剂对细颗粒排放的影响。木材烟雾的分析包括细颗粒质量排放因子、有机碳和元素碳含量、离子和元素组成以及通过 GC/MS 进行的详细有机形态分析。 60% 至 90% 的细颗粒质量排放归因于测量的化学物质。木火炉的细颗粒排放与同一树种的壁炉燃烧的细颗粒排放具有相同的一般模式；硬木和软木燃烧之间的重要区别在于取代酚和二萜类化合物，而左旋葡聚糖是排放的最丰富的单个有机化合物。然而，木火炉的细颗粒质量排放因子明显低于壁炉的细颗粒质量排放因子。柴炉烟雾中的细颗粒团的元素碳含量通常高于壁炉烟雾中的，并且当使用催化剂时甚至更高。此外，与壁炉烟雾相比，通过 GC/MS 方法可以识别柴火炉烟雾中更大比例的有机化合物。这些结果表明，在使用有机化合物作为示踪剂的源分配计算中，值得考虑木火炉和壁炉燃烧之间源分布的差异。
Residential wood combustion is an important contributor to ambient fine particle levels in the United States. About one-half to two-thirds of the residential wood combustion in the United States occurs in wood stoves as opposed to fireplaces. Thus, any differences between these two sources must be accounted for in chemical mass balance receptor models which attempt to determine the contribution of wood smoke sources to ambient fine particle samples. To fully characterize the fine particle emissions from wood stoves and compare the emissions profiles to those determined from previous fireplace experiments, a series of source tests were conducted on the burning of the most prevalent U.S. tree species in wood stoves. The catalyst-equipped wood stove chosen for these tests was operated under both noncatalytic and catalytic conditions to assess the effects of the catalyst on fine particle emissions. Analysis of the wood smoke includes fine particle mass emission factors, organic and elemental carbon content, ionic and elemental composition, and detailed organic speciation by GC/MS. Between 60 and 90% of the fine particle mass emissions were attributed to measured chemical species. The fine particle emissions from wood stoves show the same general patterns as those from the fireplace combustion of the same tree species; important differences between hardwood and softwood combustion are seen among the substituted phenols and diterpenoids, and levoglucosan is the most abundant individual organic compound emitted. However, fine particle mass emission factors from wood stoves are significantly lower than those from fireplaces. The elemental carbon content of the fine particle mass is generally higher in wood stove smoke than in fire-place smoke, and is even higher when the catalyst was employed. Furthermore, a greater fraction of the organic compounds is identifiable by GC/MS methods in the wood stove smoke vs. the fireplace smoke. These results suggest that differences in the source profiles between wood stove and fireplace combustion merit consideration in source apportionment calculations using organic compounds as tracers.