Maternal and fetal responses to exercise during pregnancy.
Maternal and fetal responses to exercise during pregnancy.
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母亲和胎儿在怀孕期间对运动的反应。
DOI：
10.1152/physrev.1985.65.1.1
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
33.6
通讯作者：
Longo,LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lotgering,FK;Gilbert,RD;Longo,LD
运动对孕妇、发育中的胎儿和胎盘有许多影响。反过来，怀孕会影响进行体力活动的能力。在妊娠期间，静止时代谢的增加几乎完全是由于妊娠期体重的增加。由于这种增加，需要更高的心肺努力来执行一定量的外部工作。人们预计结果会产生一些训练效果，除非采取更加久坐的生活方式。在怀孕期间最大O2消耗量可能增加的可能性尚未得到广泛研究，但它是一个最重要的变量，使其他变化的角度。在大多数西方社会中，怀孕后期普遍采用的久坐不动的生活方式可能反映了一种文化现象，而不是一种生理现象。与母体的生理变化相反，尽管母体运动时子宫血流量减少，但胎儿的生理变化很小。相对较小的变化发生在血液中的O2浓度和底物在长时间的力竭运动。此外，尽管温度升高1至2摄氏度，但几乎没有证据表明胎儿代谢、心血管血流动力学或血液儿茶酚胺浓度发生显著变化。这些观察结果表明，急性运动通常并不代表胎儿的主要压力。当然，大多数关于胎儿的信息都来自实验动物的研究，特别是绵羊。对于人类来说，直立姿势和子宫收缩性增强可能会对胎儿的反应产生不同的影响。事实上，人们对运动训练对胎儿的生理影响一无所知。最可能的影响可能是某些物种的出生体重相对较小的减少，但这需要进一步调查。还需要进一步的研究来更全面地了解在母体运动期间胎儿相对稳态的显著有效机制中所涉及的机制。
Exercise has numerous effects on the pregnant woman, the developing fetus, and the placenta. In turn, pregnancy affects the ability to perform physical activity. During pregnancy, increased metabolism at rest results almost exclusively from the gestational increase in mass. Because of this increase, a higher cardiorespiratory effort is required to perform a given amount of external work. One would expect the result to be some training effect, unless a more sedentary lifestyle is adopted. The possibility that maximal O2 consumption may increase during pregnancy has not been studied extensively, yet it is a most important variable that puts other changes in perspective. The sedentary lifestyle commonly adopted in late pregnancy in most western societies may reflect a cultural rather than a physiological phenomenon. In contrast to the physiological alterations in the mother and despite the reductions in uterine blood flow during maternal exercise, physiological changes in the fetus are small. Relatively minor changes occur in the blood concentrations of O2 and substrates during prolonged exhaustive exercise. In addition, despite a temperature increase of 1 to 2 degrees C, there is little evidence for significant alteration in fetal metabolism, cardiovascular hemodynamics, or blood catecholamine concentrations. These observations suggest that acute exercise normally does not represent a major stress for the fetus. Of course, most of the information concerning the fetus is derived from studies in experimental animals, particularly in sheep. In humans the upright position and increased uterine contractibility may affect the fetal responses differently. Virtually nothing is known about the physiological effects of exercise training on the fetus. The most likely effect may be a relatively small reduction in birth weight in some species, but this needs further investigation. Further studies are also needed for a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the remarkably effective mechanisms that account for the relative homeostasis of the fetus during maternal exercise.