Organic and inorganic speciation of particulate matter formed during different combustion phases in an improved cookstove
Organic and inorganic speciation of particulate matter formed during different combustion phases in an improved cookstove
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.025
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Biswas, Pratim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leavey, Anna;Patel, Sameer;Biswas, Pratim
家用炉灶燃烧固体燃料已对健康造成影响，包括膀胱癌和肺癌、白内障、出生体重不足和肺炎。从4种常用的固体燃料（煤，粪，环境/干苹果木，橡木颗粒），从气化炉炉灶，以及丙烷排放的颗粒物（PM）的化学成分进行了检查。还探讨了不同炉灶燃烧阶段之间的时间变化。使用高分辨率飞行时间气溶胶质谱仪测量了非难降解PM 1，总有机物，氯化物，铵，硝酸盐，硫酸盐和41种颗粒相多环芳烃（PAHs）的归一化浓度煤在其颗粒物排放组成中表现出有机物的最高分数（98%），其次是粪便（94%）。煤和粪便中多环芳烃的数量和浓度也最高。虽然干苹果木排放的有机物比环境苹果木低10倍，但这些有机物中多环芳烃的比例更高，特别是毒性更强的多环芳烃，如苯并（a）芘（9.63 ng/L对0.04 ng/L）和苯并（B）荧蒽（31.32 ng/L对0.19 ng/L）。AMS的数据表明，与先前报告的物理特性趋势不同，任何燃烧燃料在不同燃烧阶段都没有明显的趋势。在固体燃料中，颗粒燃料的排放量最低。丙烷的排放量低于仪器的定量限。这项工作突出了将额外的指标纳入炉灶评估过程的好处，从而丰富了现有的PM数据库存。
Residential solid fuel combustion in cookstoves has established health impacts including bladder and lung cancers, cataracts, low birth weight, and pneumonia. The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) from 4 commonly-used solid fuels (coal, dung, ambient/dry applewood, and oakwood pellets), emitted from a gasifier cookstove, as well as propane, were examined. Temporal changes between the different cookstove burn-phases were also explored. Normalized concentrations of non-refractory PM1, total organics, chloride, ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, and 41 particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured using a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (TAG), respectively.Coal demonstrated the highest fraction of organic matter in its particulate emission composition (98%), followed by dung (94%). Coal and dung also demonstrated the highest numbers and concentrations of PAHs. While dry applewood emitted ten times lower organic matter compared to ambient applewood, a higher fraction of these organics was composed of PAHs, especially the more toxic ones such as benzo(a)pyrene (9.63 ng/L versus 0.04 ng/L), and benzo(b)fluoranthene (31.32 ng/L versus 0.19 ng/L). Data from the AMS demonstrated no clear trends for any of the combustion fuels over the different combustion phases unlike the previously reported trends observed for the physical characteristics. Of the solid fuels, pellets demonstrated the lowest emissions. Emissions from propane were below the quantification limit of the instruments. This work highlights the benefits of incorporating additional metrics into the cookstove evaluation process, thus enriching the existing PM data inventory.