Sex and Gender Multidimensionality in Epidemiologic Research.

Sex and Gender Multidimensionality in Epidemiologic Research.
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DOI:
10.1093/aje/kwac173
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发表时间:
2023-01-06
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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与年龄和种族一样,性别历来都是流行病学研究的核心分层和控制变量。尽管近几十年来研究指南和制度化要求已经纳入了区分生物性别和社会性别的方法,但性别本身都不是单维的结构。性别内部和性别之间维度的合并提出了有效性问题,其中代理度量被用于感兴趣的维度,通常没有明确的确认或评估。这里概述了个体层面的性别维度,作为流行病学家的指南,并提出了 2 个案例研究。第一个案例研究表明,在未得到承认的情况下使用性/性别替代物来代表感兴趣的性别维度(子宫状况)如何导致数十年的癌症研究错误估计风险、种族差异和年龄趋势。第二个说明了如何应用多维性和性别框架来加强对 2019 年冠状病毒病发病率、诊断、发病率和死亡率的研究。概述了考虑因素,包括:1)解决措施与理论之间的匹配问题,并明确承认和评估代理的使用; 2)改进跨维度和社会生态层面的测量; 3)将多维度纳入研究目标; 4)解释性、社会性别及其对生物心理社会的影响。
Along with age and race, sex has historically been a core stratification and control variable in epidemiologic research. While in recent decades research guidelines and institutionalized requirements have incorporated an approach differentiating biological sex from social gender, neither sex nor gender is itself a unidimensional construct. The conflation of dimensions within and between sex and gender presents a validity issue wherein proxy measures are used for dimensions of interest, often without explicit acknowledgement or evaluation. Here, individual-level dimensions of sex and gender are outlined as a guide for epidemiologists, and 2 case studies are presented. The first case study demonstrates how unacknowledged use of a sex/gender proxy for a sexed dimension of interest (uterine status) resulted in decades of cancer research misestimating risks, racial disparities, and age trends. The second illustrates how a multidimensional sex and gender framework may be applied to strengthen research on coronavirus disease 2019 incidence, diagnosis, morbidity, and mortality. Considerations are outlined, including: 1) addressing the match between measures and theory, and explicitly acknowledging and evaluating proxy use; 2) improving measurement across dimensions and social ecological levels; 3) incorporating multidimensionality into research objectives; and 4) interpreting sex, gender, and their effects as biopsychosocial.
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