Multicellular magnetotactic bacterial consortia are metabolically differentiated and not clonal.
Multicellular magnetotactic bacterial consortia are metabolically differentiated and not clonal.
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多细胞趋磁细菌菌群是代谢分化的而不是克隆的。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.11.27.568837
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hatzenpichler,Roland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schaible,GeorgeA;Jay,ZackaryJ;Cliff,John;Schulz,Frederik;Gauvin,Colin;Goudeau,Danielle;Malmstrom,RexR;EmilRuff,S;Edgcomb,Virginia;Hatzenpichler,Roland
多细胞趋磁细菌（MMB）是目前已知的唯一在生命周期中没有单细胞阶段的细菌。由于它们难以培养，以前对MMB的大多数研究都局限于显微镜观察。为了更详细地研究这些独特生物的生物学，我们使用多种培养独立的方法在单细胞分辨率下分析MMB财团的基因组学和生理学。我们分别对22个MMB群落（代表8个新物种）的宏基因组进行了测序，并对每个MMB群落的遗传多样性进行了量化。这表明，与传统观点相反，MMB联合体内的细胞不是克隆的。然后使用单个联合体宏基因组重建物种特异性代谢潜能并推断MMB的生理能力。为了验证基因组预测，我们进行了稳定同位素探测（SIP）实验，并使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）结合纳米级二次离子质谱（NanoSIMS）对MMB财团进行了询问。通过将FISH与生物正交非规范氨基酸标记（BONCAT）耦合，我们探索了它们的原位活性以及细胞内蛋白质合成的变化。我们证明MMB联合体是混合营养性硫酸盐还原剂，它们在单个细胞之间表现出代谢分化，这表明MMB联合体比以前认为的更复杂。这些发现扩大了我们对MMB多样性、生态学、基因组学和生理学的理解，并为支撑其独特生活方式的多细胞性质的机制提供了见解。
Consortia of multicellular magnetotactic bacteria (MMB) are currently the only known example of bacteria without a unicellular stage in their life cycle. Because of their recalcitrance to cultivation, most previous studies of MMB have been limited to microscopic observations. To study the biology of these unique organisms in more detail, we use multiple culture-independent approaches to analyze the genomics and physiology of MMB consortia at single cell resolution. We separately sequenced the metagenomes of 22 individual MMB consortia, representing eight new species, and quantified the genetic diversity within each MMB consortium. This revealed that, counter to conventional views, cells within MMB consortia are not clonal. Single consortia metagenomes were then used to reconstruct the species-specific metabolic potential and infer the physiological capabilities of MMB. To validate genomic predictions, we performed stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments and interrogated MMB consortia using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). By coupling FISH with bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) we explored their in situ activity as well as variation of protein synthesis within cells. We demonstrate that MMB consortia are mixotrophic sulfate reducers and that they exhibit metabolic differentiation between individual cells, suggesting that MMB consortia are more complex than previously thought. These findings expand our understanding of MMB diversity, ecology, genomics, and physiology, as well as offer insights into the mechanisms underpinning the multicellular nature of their unique lifestyle.