Multi-timescale Parametric Electrical Battery Model for Use in Dynamic Electric Vehicle Simulations
Multi-timescale Parametric Electrical Battery Model for Use in Dynamic Electric Vehicle Simulations
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DOI：
10.1109/tte.2016.2569069
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Yue Cao;Ryan C. Kroeze;P. Krein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yue Cao;Ryan C. Kroeze;P. Krein
在全动态电动汽车模拟器中模拟电动汽车(EV)的行驶计划需要电池模型能够准确和快速地预测充电状态(SOC)、$I$-$V$特性以及各种电池类型的动态行为。开发了一种利用多个时间常数来处理秒、分钟和小时范围的电池模型。模型参数包括开路电压、串联电阻和等效RC电路，与电池SOC具有非线性关系。SOC捕获来自放电和充电率、温度和电池循环的影响。介绍了实时预测电池温度的热建模法。本文的重点之一是提出了一种系统和通用的方法，用于在评估任何给定的锂离子(Li-离子)、镍金属氢化物或铅酸蓄电池时，通过合理的测试工作来提取参数并获得SOC因素。特别是，松下CGR18650锂离子电池单元的数据集被制成表格，供直接使用。锂离子电池模型被编程到MATLAB/Simulink环境中，并在现有的综合动态车辆模拟器中用作电源。Simulink模型的验证是通过电池测试设备进行的，该设备具有循环实际电池的硬件在环驾驶时间表。对锂离子电池组的仿真和测量结果表明，所提出的电池模型性能良好，并与车辆模拟器的其他子组件进行了适当的交互。
Simulation of electric vehicles (EVs) over driving schedules within a fully dynamic EV simulator requires battery models capable of accurately and quickly predicting state of charge (SOC), $I$ – $V$ characteristics, and dynamic behavior of various battery types. An electric battery model utilizing multiple time constants, to address ranges of seconds, minutes, and hours, is developed. The model parameters include open-circuit voltage, series resistance, and equivalent RC circuits, with nonlinear dependence on battery SOC. The SOC captures effects from discharge and charge rate, temperature, and battery cycling. Thermal modeling predicting real-time battery temperature is introduced. One focus of this paper is presenting a systematic and generic methodology for parameter extraction as well as obtaining SOC factors through reasonable test work when evaluating any given lithium-ion (Li-ion), nickel-metal hydride, or lead-acid battery cell. In particular, data sets for a Panasonic CGR18650 Li-ion battery cell are tabulated for direct use. The Li-ion battery model is programmed into a MATLAB/Simulink environment and used as a power source within an existing comprehensive dynamic vehicle simulator. Validation of the Simulink model is through a battery testing apparatus with a hardware-in-the-loop driving schedule that cycles real batteries. Results from simulations and measurements of Li-ion battery packs show that the proposed battery model behaves well and interacts appropriately with other subcomponents of the vehicle simulator.