Public Volume Electron Microscopy Data: An Essential Resource to Study the Brain Microvasculature.
Public Volume Electron Microscopy Data: An Essential Resource to Study the Brain Microvasculature.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2022.849469
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.5
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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电子显微镜是研究血管超微结构的主要方法。然而，血管床的2D快照仅捕获其复杂性的一小部分。最近的努力，突触映射神经元电路，使用体积电子显微镜也采样的大脑微血管的3D。在这里，我们对跨越不同物种和大脑区域的7个数据集进行了荟萃分析，其中包括来自MICrONS联盟的两个数据集，这些数据集除了小鼠视觉皮层中的所有实质细胞类型外，还努力分割血管。对这些数据的探索为详细研究血管系统提供了丰富的信息。神经血管单位细胞类型（包括但不限于内皮细胞、壁细胞、血管周围成纤维细胞、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞）可以在广泛的微血管区中辨别。图像对比度足以识别亚细胞细节，包括内皮连接、小窝、钉窝相互作用、线粒体、高尔基体池、微绒毛和其他对血管信号传导具有潜在意义的细胞突起。此外，包括基底膜和血管周围空间在内的非细胞结构可见，并可沿血管壁沿着在动静脉区之间追踪。这些探索揭示了可能对血管功能重要的结构特征，例如血脑屏障完整性，血流控制，脑清除和生物能量学。他们还确定了分割的准确性和一致性可以通过未来的努力进一步磨练的局限性。本文的目的是在脑血管研究的框架内介绍这些有价值的社区资源。我们这样做，提供了一个评估他们的血管内容，识别功能的意义，为进一步研究，并讨论下一步的想法，完善血管分割和分析。
Electron microscopy is the primary approach to study ultrastructural features of the cerebrovasculature. However, 2D snapshots of a vascular bed capture only a small fraction of its complexity. Recent efforts to synaptically map neuronal circuitry using volume electron microscopy have also sampled the brain microvasculature in 3D. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of 7 data sets spanning different species and brain regions, including two data sets from the MICrONS consortium that have made efforts to segment vasculature in addition to all parenchymal cell types in mouse visual cortex. Exploration of these data have revealed rich information for detailed investigation of the cerebrovasculature. Neurovascular unit cell types (including, but not limited to, endothelial cells, mural cells, perivascular fibroblasts, microglia, and astrocytes) could be discerned across broad microvascular zones. Image contrast was sufficient to identify subcellular details, including endothelial junctions, caveolae, peg-and-socket interactions, mitochondria, Golgi cisternae, microvilli and other cellular protrusions of potential significance to vascular signaling. Additionally, non-cellular structures including the basement membrane and perivascular spaces were visible and could be traced between arterio-venous zones along the vascular wall. These explorations revealed structural features that may be important for vascular functions, such as blood-brain barrier integrity, blood flow control, brain clearance, and bioenergetics. They also identified limitations where accuracy and consistency of segmentation could be further honed by future efforts. The purpose of this article is to introduce these valuable community resources within the framework of cerebrovascular research. We do so by providing an assessment of their vascular contents, identifying features of significance for further study, and discussing next step ideas for refining vascular segmentation and analysis.