A systemic and cognitive view on collaborative knowledge building with wikis
A systemic and cognitive view on collaborative knowledge building with wikis
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DOI：
10.1007/s11412-007-9035-z
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kimmerle, Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cress, Ulrike;Kimmerle, Joachim
Wiki 为学习、协作知识构建以及理解这些过程提供了新的机会。本文提出了一个理论框架，用于描述学习和协作知识构建如何发生。为了理解这些过程，需要考虑三个方面：维基促进的社会过程、用户的认知过程以及两个过程如何相互影响。为此，本文提出的模型借鉴了卢曼的系统方法以及皮亚杰的平衡理论，并将这些方法结合起来。该模型分析了 wiki 社交系统以及用户认知系统中发生的过程。该模型还将学习活动描述为外化和内化的过程。个人学习是通过内部同化和适应过程发生的，而 wiki 中的变化是由于外部同化和适应活动造成的，而外部同化和适应活动反过来又导致协作知识构建。本文通过分析维基百科文章，提供了这些平衡活动的经验示例。平衡活动被描述为由个人的知识与维基提供的信息之间主观感知的不一致引起的。中等水平的不协调会导致认知冲突，进而激活所描述的平衡过程并促进个人学习和协作知识构建。
Wikis provide new opportunities for learning and for collaborative knowledge building as well as for understanding these processes. This article presents a theoretical framework for describing how learning and collaborative knowledge building take place. In order to understand these processes, three aspects need to be considered: the social processes facilitated by a wiki, the cognitive processes of the users, and how both processes influence each other mutually. For this purpose, the model presented in this article borrows from the systemic approach of Luhmann as well as from Piaget's theory of equilibration and combines these approaches. The model analyzes processes which take place in the social system of a wiki as well as in the cognitive systems of the users. The model also describes learning activities as processes of externalization and internalization. Individual learning happens through internal processes of assimilation and accommodation, whereas changes in a wiki are due to activities of external assimilation and accommodation which in turn lead to collaborative knowledge building. This article provides empirical examples for these equilibration activities by analyzing Wikipedia articles. Equilibration activities are described as being caused by subjectively perceived incongruities between an individuals' knowledge and the information provided by a wiki. Incongruities of medium level cause cognitive conflicts which in turn activate the described processes of equilibration and facilitate individual learning and collaborative knowledge building.