The loss of fishing territories in coastal areas: the case of seabob-shrimp small-scale fisheries in Sao Paulo, Brazil
The loss of fishing territories in coastal areas: the case of seabob-shrimp small-scale fisheries in Sao Paulo, Brazil
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DOI：
10.1186/s40152-016-0044-2
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发表时间：
2016-07-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gandini, Fabricio C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gasalla, Maria A.;Gandini, Fabricio C.
对渔业社区的困难、成本和领土问题的了解似乎对实现海洋和沿海地区的可持续发展目标至关重要。然而，这样的知识并不总是可用的、充分的，甚至是可识别的。巴西东南部圣保罗州浅水区的小型虾类渔业在沿海生计中发挥着重要作用，为一些当地社区提供了社会和经济利益，也是区域海鲜的优质来源。大约4000名渔业工人为拥有约200万居民的沿海城镇的餐馆、鱼贩和超市生产供应品。然而，港口和海军系泊、管道建设、污水处理、有争议的季节性关闭以及海洋空间区划都限制了这一活动。这里提出了一种领土办法，以审查垂直执行的法律/条例的时间表，这些法律/条例可能导致以前可供该渔业使用的领土减少，同时对总体政策背景进行全面展望。捕鱼区的缩小已得到证实，所检测到的领土损失似乎没有隐含在渔业、生态系统服务或赔偿的成本分析中。自上而下的政策和对环境缓解计划的误解似乎加剧了冲突，挖掘了多方利益相关者的过程和社会正义，与石油、天然气和港口行业蓬勃发展的经济增长形成了鲜明对比。虽然经济和政治压力似乎影响着当前的渔业领域，但对沿海地区利益多样性和权力不对称的认识将我们的注意力引向了社会现实中一个重要的、往往被忽视的方面。讨论了领土使用权和法律创新等体制挑战和建议，为地方社区的自我组织增加了价值，以便在合法的海洋保护区内外有效地实现权力平衡。
Knowledge of the difficulties, costs, and territorial issues surrounding fishing communities seems crucial to achieve sustainable development goals in marine and coastal zones. However, such knowledge is not always available, sufficient, or even identifiable. The seabob-shrimp small-scale fisheries in the shallow waters of the State of Sao Paulo, in Southeastern Brazil, plays an important role in coastal livelihoods, providing social and economic benefits for a number of local communities and a premium source of regional seafood. Around 4000 fish-workers produce supplies for restaurants, fishmongers and supermarkets in coastal towns with about 2 million inhabitants. Nevertheless, harbor and naval mooring, the construction of pipelines, sewage disposal, controversial seasonal closures, and marine spatial zoning have all restricted the activity. A territorial approach is here proposed to examine the timeline of vertically implemented laws/regulations that may have resulted in a decrease of territories formerly available to that fisheries, accompanied by a comprehensive outlook of the overall policy context. The shrinkage of fishing territories has been evidenced and the kind of territorial loss detected does not seem to be implicit in cost analysis of fisheries, ecosystem services, or compensation. Top-down policies and a misunderstanding of environmental mitigation programs appear to have been contributing to increasing conflicts, mining multi-stakeholder processes and social justice in contrast to the ascendant economic growth of both the oil and gas and port industries. While economic and political pressures seem to shape current fishing territories, the recognition of the diversity of interests and power asymmetries in coastal zones directs our attention to a vital, often ignored, dimension of social reality. Institutional challenges and recommendations, such as territorial use rights and legal innovations are discussed, adding value to the self-organization of local communities for an effective process of balanced power both within and outside legal marine protected areas.