Memory for events and their spatial context: models and experiments
Memory for events and their spatial context: models and experiments
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2001.0948
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发表时间：
2001-09-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
O'Keefe, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burgess, N;Becker, S;O'Keefe, J
海马体在记忆中的计算作用被描述为：（i）不同新皮质存储位点的索引； (ii) 支持新皮质长期记忆的限时存储； (iii)内容可寻址的联想存储器。这些想法被回顾并与情景记忆的几个一般方面相关，包括情景记忆、识别记忆和语义记忆之间的差异，以及海马病变是否对近期记忆或远期记忆有不同的影响。一些悬而未决的问题仍然存在，例如：与其他形式的记忆读出相比，情景检索有何特点？是什么触发了.事件存储器的存储；涉及哪些神经机制？为了解决这些问题，提出了在检索事件的空间背景时内侧颞叶和顶叶角色的神经水平模型。该模型结合了以下观点：对现实生活事件的丰富背景的检索是情景记忆的核心特征，以及内侧时间异中心表征用于长期存储，而顶叶自我中心表征用于想象、操纵和重新体验检索结果的观点。该模型与大脑中已知的空间信息的神经表征一致，并为帕佩兹回路在前进方向的表征和情景信息的回忆中的参与提供了解释。简要描述了与该模型相关的两个实验。对虚拟现实中逼真事件的空间背景的记忆的功能神经影像研究为模型的功能定位提供了支持。一项神经心理学实验表明，海马体确实存储了空间位置的异中心表征。
The computational role of the hippocampus in memory has been characterized as: (i) an index to disparate neocortical storage sites; (ii) a time-limited store supporting neocortical long-term memory; and (iii) a content-addressable associative memory. These ideas are reviewed and related to several general aspects of episodic memory, including the differences between episodic, recognition and semantic memory, and whether hippocampal lesions differentially affect recent or remote memories. Some outstanding questions remain, such as: what characterizes episodic retrieval as opposed to other forms of read-out from memory; what triggers the. storage of an event memory; and what are the neural mechanisms involved? To address these questions a neural-level model of the medial temporal and parietal roles in retrieval of the spatial context of an event is presented. This model combines the idea that retrieval of the rich context of real-life events is a central characteristic of episodic memory, and the idea that medial temporal allocentric representations are used in long-term storage while parietal egocentric representations are used to imagine, manipulate and re-experience the products of retrieval. The model is consistent with the known neural representation of spatial information in the brain, and provides an explanation for the involvement of Papez's circuit in both the representation of heading direction and in the recollection of episodic information. Two experiments relating to the model are briefly described. A functional neuroimaging study of memory for the spatial context of life-like events in virtual reality provides support for the model's functional localization. A neuropsychological experiment suggests that the hippocampus does store an allocentric representation of spatial locations.