A revised chronology for the adoption of agriculture in the Southern Levant and the role of Lateglacial climatic change
A revised chronology for the adoption of agriculture in the Southern Levant and the role of Lateglacial climatic change
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.021
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Pinhasi, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blockley, S. P. E.;Pinhasi, R.
本文重新考察了南黎凡特地区向农业过渡的年代和环境背景，该地区被视为欧洲和近东地区采用农业的可能起点。晚第四纪气候突变在这一过程中的作用已被广泛讨论，但由于考古和古环境年代学的限制，导致了不同的解释。在这里，我们试图通过首先测试从纳图夫到PPNA的考古过渡的可用放射性碳数据库来澄清这种情况。我们采用国际公认的放射性碳质量保证程序，发现大量的公布日期低于可接受的标准。清理过程显著地澄清和限制了Natufian、Late Natufian和PPNA的报告时间范围。然后，我们应用新的IntCal09校准曲线和贝叶斯校准方法，使用考古相位来约束数据并计算每个阶段之间最可能的转换时间。然后，我们将考古阶段的开始和持续时间与代表北半球关键气候转变的数据进行比较，使用新的GICC05格陵兰冰芯时间尺度和来自已发表的高精度Speleothem数据同位素分析的南黎凡特干湿阶段之间的过渡时间。这项研究的结果为这些事件提供了目前最好的年表，并表明在冰川间期的第二部分，黎凡特南部的干旱可能引发了向纳图夫晚期的过渡，当时狩猎-采集社区采取了更灵活的生活方式。随着干旱加剧，晚纳图夫文化似乎在新仙女木时期从黎凡特南部消失了。在全新世开始的前陶器新石器时代a （PPNA）时期人类重新出现之前，人类占领的确凿证据存在空白。因此，全新世的开始可以被假设为该地区新石器时代开始背后的驱动力。(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
This paper re-examines the chronology and environmental context for the transition to agriculture in the Southern Levant, seen as the likely starting point for the adoption of agriculture in Europe and the Near East. The role in this process of abrupt late Quaternary climate change has been discussed widely, but limitations on the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental chronologies have led to varying interpretations. Here we attempt to clarify the situation by first testing the available radiocarbon database for the archaeological transitions from the Natufian through to the PPNA. We apply internationally accepted radiocarbon quality assurance procedures and find that a significant number of the published dates fall bellow acceptable standards. The cleaning process significantly clarifies and constrains the reported time ranges for the Natufian, Late Natufian and PPNA. We then apply the new IntCal09 calibration curve and Bayesian calibration methods, using the archaeological phasing to constrain the data and calculate the most likely timing of the transitions between each phase. We then compare the onset and duration of archaeological phases to data representing the key Northern Hemisphere climatic transitions, using the new GICC05 Greenland Ice core timescale and the timing of transitions between wet and dry phases in the southern Levant from published high precision isotopic analyses of Speleothem data. The results of this exercise present the currently best available chronology for these events and suggest that during the second part of the Lateglacial interstadial, drying of the southern Levant may have triggered the transition to the Late Natufian, when hunter-gatherer communities resorted to a more mobile lifestyle. The Late Natufian culture appears to have disappeared from the southern Levant during the Younger Dryas, as drying intensified. There is then a gap in well dated evidence for human occupation until a reappearance of humans at the onset of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) period at the beginning of the Holocene. Thus the onset of the Holocene can be hypothesised to be the driver behind the onset of the Neolithic in this region. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.