Selecting cost effective and policy-relevant biological indicators for European monitoring of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function
Selecting cost effective and policy-relevant biological indicators for European monitoring of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.023
复制
发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
B. Griffiths;J. Römbke;R. Schmelz;A. Scheffczyk;J. Faber;J. Bloem;G. Pérès;D. Cluzeau;A. Chabbi;M. Suhadolc;J. P. Sousa;P. Silva;F. Carvalho;S. Mendes;P. Morais;Romeu Francisco;C. Pereira;M. Bonkowski;S. Geisen;R. Bardgett;F. T. Vries;T. Bolger;T. Dirilgen;O. Schmidt;A. Winding;N. Hendriksen;A. Johansen;L. Philippot;Pierre Plassart;D. Bru;B. Thomson;R. Griffiths;M. Bailey;A. Keith;M. Rutgers;C. Mulder;S. Hannula;R. Creamer;D. Stone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Griffiths;J. Römbke;R. Schmelz;A. Scheffczyk;J. Faber;J. Bloem;G. Pérès;D. Cluzeau;A. Chabbi;M. Suhadolc;J. P. Sousa;P. Silva;F. Carvalho;S. Mendes;P. Morais;Romeu Francisco;C. Pereira;M. Bonkowski;S. Geisen;R. Bardgett;F. T. Vries;T. Bolger;T. Dirilgen;O. Schmidt;A. Winding;N. Hendriksen;A. Johansen;L. Philippot;Pierre Plassart;D. Bru;B. Thomson;R. Griffiths;M. Bailey;A. Keith;M. Rutgers;C. Mulder;S. Hannula;R. Creamer;D. Stone
土壤提供许多生态系统服务，这些服务最终取决于当地的多样性和地下生物体的丰富度。土壤生物多样性受到许多威胁的负面影响，欧洲层面有对土壤进行有效生物监测的政策要求。本研究的目的是评估整个欧洲生物多样性和生态系统功能的政策相关性、具有成本效益的土壤生物指标并提出建议。使用基于逻辑筛的方法总共选择了 18 个潜在指标。本文考虑从“自上而下”（即关注指标选择的过程）使用指标，而不是从“自下而上”详细了解各个指标在特定地点和特定处理下的表现。这些指标评估了一系列微生物、动物和功能属性、基于核酸的新技术、形态学方法和基于过程的测量。它们在已投入运行的 6 个欧洲试验场进行了测试，并根据土地利用、气候带和土地管理强度的差异进行选择。其中包括 4 个耕地，大西洋、大陆、地中海和潘诺尼亚气候区各 1 个，以及 2 个草地，大西洋和大陆气候区各 1 个。在每个地点，我们对三个具有对比管理强度的重复地块进行了抽样，虽然处理方法因地点而异，但它们的干扰影响是根据土地利用强度来量化的。现场采样和实验室分析通过 ISO 协议或标准操作程序（如果前者不可用）的组合进行标准化。 2012 年秋季和 2013 年春季或秋季对地点进行了两次抽样，每次都确定不同指标的相对成本。指标成本效益的细目显示了现场所需努力和实验室所需努力之间的预期权衡。所有指标都能够区分不同地点，但由于没有单一指标对土地利用强度的所有差异敏感，我们建议指标计划应基于一套不同的指标。为了在本研究的欧洲气候带和土地利用下进行监测，与水调节、碳封存和养分供应服务相关的生态系统功能指标将包括最低限度的一组：蚯蚓；功能基因；和饵片。为了有效监测生物多样性，需要考虑所有分类群。
Soils provide many ecosystem services that are ultimately dependent on the local diversity and belowground abundance of organisms. Soil biodiversity is affected negatively by many threats and there is a perceived policy requirement for the effective biological monitoring of soils at the European level. The aim of this study was to evaluate and recommend policy relevant, cost-effective soil biological indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem function across Europe. A total of 18 potential indicators were selected using a logical-sieve based approach. This paper considers the use of indicators from the ‘top down’ (i.e. concerned with the process of indicator selection), rather than from the ‘bottom up’ detail of how individual indicators perform at specific sites and with specific treatments. The indicators assessed a range of microbial, faunal and functional attributes, newer nucleic acids based techniques, morphological approaches and process based measurements. They were tested at 6 European experimental sites already in operation and chosen according to land-use, climatic zone and differences in land management intensity. These were 4 arable sites, one each in Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean and Pannonian climate zones, and 2 grassland sites, one each in Atlantic and Continental zones. At each site we sampled three replicated plots of contrasting management intensity and, while the treatments varied from site to site, their disturbance effects were quantified in terms of land use intensity. The field sampling and laboratory analysis were standardised through a combination of ISO protocols, or standard operating procedures if the former were not available. Sites were sampled twice, in autumn 2012 and spring or autumn 2013, with relative costs of the different indicators being determined each time. A breakdown of the cost effectiveness of the indicators showed the expected trade-off between effort required in the field and effort required in the laboratory. All the indicators were able to differentiate between the sites but, as no single indicator was sensitive to all the differences in land use intensity, we suggest that an indicator programme should be based upon a suite of different indicators. For monitoring under the European climatic zones and land uses of this study, indicators for ecosystem functions related to the services of water regulation, C-sequestration and nutrient provision would include a minimum suite of: earthworms; functional genes; and bait lamina. For effective monitoring of biodiversity all taxonomic groups would need to be addressed.