Fundamental and practical aspects of therapeutic uses of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs).
Fundamental and practical aspects of therapeutic uses of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs).
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发表时间：
1989
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通讯作者：
C. Bassett
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bassett
自1973年以来，被称为pemf的低能量时变磁场的有益治疗效果已被越来越多地记录下来。最初，这种形式的非热能主要用于长期青少年和成人骨不连患者的抢救。其中许多人是截肢的候选人。他们对包括植骨在内的常规手术治疗有明显的抵抗力，这可以作为判断这种新治疗方法疗效的合理对照，特别是当pemf是患者治疗的唯一改变时。最近，这种方法在增强骨愈合方面的生物学有效性已经在一些具有高度意义的双盲和对照前瞻性研究中得到证实。此外，双盲证据的治疗效果在其他临床疾病已经出现。这些数据，加上对相关作用机制的良好控制的实验室发现，已经开始将pemf与手术侵入性方法相提并论，但风险和成本要低得多。由于这些临床观察和对电磁“污染”的关注，非电离电磁场与生物过程的相互作用已成为越来越多的研究活动的主题。在过去十年中，关于这些主题的出版物数量呈指数级增长。它们现在包括教科书、专业期刊、政府机构的定期评论，以及出现在广泛的同行评议的科学来源中的个别文章。在Current Contents最近的一篇社论中，编辑回顾了生物医学工程的前沿，重点介绍了用于识别核心研究工作的科学引文索引方法。加菲尔德博士从其他生物医学工程工作中选择了pemf作为一个迅速兴起的学科的例子。在此期间，生物电磁学、生物电化学和生物电生长与修复三个新的学会以及一些国家和国际委员会和会议已经组织起来。这些活动增强了美国IEEE和英国IEEE的持续兴趣。本综述着重于“pemf”治疗应用背后的原则和实践。这个术语仅限于时变的磁场特性，它在骨骼中引起的电压波形模式与机械变形引起的电压波形模式相似。这些不对称的宽带脉冲在热方面影响了许多生物过程。许多这些过程似乎有能力改变选定的病理状态在肌肉骨骼和其他系统。（摘要删节为400字）
The beneficial therapeutic effects of selected low-energy, time-varying magnetic fields, called PEMFs, have been documented with increasing frequency since 1973. Initially, this form of athermal energy was used mainly as a salvage for patients with long-standing juvenile and adult nonunions. Many of these individuals were candidates for amputation. Their clearly documented resistance to the usual forms of surgical treatment, including bone grafting, served as a reasonable control in judging the efficacy of this new therapeutic method, particularly when PEMFs were the sole change in patient management. More recently, the biological effectiveness of this approach in augmenting bone healing has been confirmed by several highly significant double-blind and controlled prospective studies in less challenging clinical circumstances. Furthermore, double-blind evidence of therapeutic effects in other clinical disorders has emerged. These data, coupled with well-controlled laboratory findings on pertinent mechanisms of action, have begun to place PEMFs on a therapeutic par with surgically invasive methods but at considerably less risk and cost. As a result of these clinical observations and concerns about electromagnetic "pollution", interactions of nonionizing electromagnetic fields with biological processes have been the subject of increasing investigational activity. Over the past decade, the number of publications on these topics has risen exponentially. They now include textbooks, speciality journals, regular reviews by government agencies, in addition to individual articles, appearing in the wide spectrum of peer-reviewed, scientific sources. In a recent editorial in Current Contents, the editor reviews the frontiers of biomedical engineering focusing on Science Citation Index methods for identifying core research endeavors. Dr. Garfield chose PEMFs from among other biomedical engineering efforts as an example of a rapidly emerging discipline. Three new societies in the bioelectromagnetics, bioelectrochemistry, and bioelectrical growth and repair have been organized during this time, along with a number of national and international committees and conferences. These activities augment a continuing interest by the IEEE in the U.S. and the IEE in the U.K. This review focuses on the principles and practice behind the therapeutic use of "PEMFs". This term is restricted to time-varying magnetic field characteristics that induce voltage waveform patterns in bone similar to those resulting from mechanical deformation. These asymmetric, broad-band pulses affect a number of biologic processes athermally. Many of these processes appear to have the ability to modify selected pathologic states in the musculoskeletal and other systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)