Greater spear-nosed bats give group-distinctive calls
Greater spear-nosed bats give group-distinctive calls
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DOI：
10.1007/s002650050316
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Boughman, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boughman, JW
个体独特的发声是普遍存在的，然而，群体独特的呼叫很少被证明。在某些条件下，选择应该有利于表明在群体中觅食的动物的社会群体成员资格的呼叫。大矛鼻蝙蝠（Phyllostomus hastatus）发出的叫声似乎有助于识别不相关的社会群体伴侣。雌性在离开觅食旅行和觅食地点时发出响亮的宽带（4-18 kHz）发声，称为尖叫声。尖叫声有助于在社会群体成员中建立觅食群体，并在觅食时保持长距离的联系。我测试两个假设如何尖叫电话可能被构造来传达呼叫者的身份。个体呼叫可以是不同的，并且组成员可以学习识别每个个体的呼叫并将个体与社会组相关联。或者，组可以给出不同的呼叫，并且组内的个体可以共享呼叫特征。为了验证这些假设，我进行了多变量声学分析的多个电话从28蝙蝠从三个社会群体。虽然在其他类群中普遍存在的个别独特的呼吁，使这一结果更有可能，结果表明，集团呼吁是高度独特的。群体中的个体蝙蝠在统计学上是无法区分的。随着蝙蝠年龄的增长，叫声的频率似乎略有下降。在不相关的群体伴侣之间的呼叫收敛意味着这个物种的声音学习。
Individually distinctive vocalizations are ubiquitous; however, group distinctive calls have rarely been demonstrated. Under some conditions, selection should favor calls indicating social group membership in animals that forage in groups. Greater spear-nosed bats (Phyllostomus hastatus) give calls that appear to facilitate recognition of social group mates who are unrelated. Females give loud broadband (4-18 kHz) vocalizations termed screech calls when departing on foraging trips and at foraging sites. Screech calls help to establish foraging groups among social group members, and to maintain contact over the long distances they travel while foraging. I test two hypotheses about how screech calls may be structured to convey caller identity. Individual calls may be distinct and group members may learn to recognize each individual's calls and to associate the individual with the social group. Alternatively, groups may give distinct calls and individuals within groups may share call characteristics. To test these hypotheses I conducted multivariate acoustic analysis of multiple calls from 28 bats from three social groups. Although the ubiquity of individually distinctive calls in other taxa makes this result more likely, the results reveal that group calls are highly distinctive. Individual bats within groups are statistically indistinguishable. Calls appear to decrease slightly in frequency as bats age. Call convergence among unrelated group mates implies vocal learning in this species.