Experience-dependent plasticity in hypocretin/orexin neurones: re-setting arousal threshold.
Experience-dependent plasticity in hypocretin/orexin neurones: re-setting arousal threshold.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02047.x
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发表时间：
2010-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wang AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao XB;Wang AH
神经肽下丘脑分泌素（hypocretin）仅在外侧下丘脑中合成，并参与许多对动物生存至关重要的脑功能，特别是促进和维持动物的唤醒-动物行为的核心过程。与其在动物中的唤醒促进作用一致，合成下丘脑泌素的神经元接收编码生理、心理和环境线索的广泛神经支配，并将最终输出发送到关键的唤醒促进脑区。下丘脑泌素神经元的活动波动并与动物的行为状态相关，并且在清醒、觅食和对成瘾药物的渴望期间在下丘脑泌素神经元中已经检测到强烈的活动。因此，很可能是下丘脑泌素神经元经历的经验依赖性的变化所产生的强烈激活的刺激编码的变化在内部和外部环境。本文综述了最近的证据支持经验依赖性可塑性下丘脑泌素神经元。目前的数据表明，营养和行为因素导致突触可塑性和突触结构的重组下丘脑泌素神经元。这可能是由动物行为变化引起的唤醒水平增强的底物，并可能有助于解释生理，心理和环境因素引起的唤醒水平变化的机制。
The neuropeptide hypocretin is synthesized exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus and participates in many brain functions critical for animal survival, particularly in the promotion and maintenance of arousal in animals - a core process in animal behaviors. Consistent with its arousal-promoting role in animals, the neurons synthesizing hypocretin receive extensive innervations encoding physiological, psychological and environmental cues and send final outputs to key arousal-promoting brain areas. The activity in hypocretin neurons fluctuates and correlates with the behavioral state of animals and intensive activity has been detected in hypocretin neurons during wakefulness, foraging for food and craving for addictive drugs. Therefore, it is likely that hypocretin neurons undergo experience-dependent changes resulting from intensive activations by stimuli encoding changes in the internal and external environments. This review summarizes the most recent evidence supporting experience-dependent plasticity in hypocretin neurons. Current data suggest that nutritional and behavioral factors lead to synaptic plasticity and re-organization of synaptic architecture in hypocretin neurons. This may be the substrate of enhanced levels of arousal resulting from behavioral changes in animals and may help to explain the mechanisms underlying changes in arousal levels induced by physiological, psychological and environmental factors.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0507480102
发表时间：
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影响因子：
11.1
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