Measuring ventilation in different typologies of rural Gambian houses: a pilot experimental study
Measuring ventilation in different typologies of rural Gambian houses: a pilot experimental study
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-020-03327-0
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发表时间：
2020-07-31
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lindsay, Steve W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knudsen, Jakob B.;Pinder, Margaret;Lindsay, Steve W.
背景非洲的房子经常太热，太不舒服，晚上不能使用蚊帐。室内热舒适性的评价通常是通过测量温度和湿度来进行的，而忽略了通风。这项研究探索了在疟疾传播季节测量冈比亚农村单间房屋通风的方法，并评估了可以增加夜间空气流通并帮助居住者保持舒适的建筑设计。方法用金属屋面、三扇门、封闭屋檐建造两栋相同的泥墙房屋。实验1比较了五种测量建筑物内通风的方法：(1)使用鼓风机门，(2)使用人工来源的二氧化碳(2)增加室内二氧化碳(CO2)水平，然后测量气体衰减率，(3)使用类似的方法测量自然来源的二氧化碳，(4)测量人们进入建筑时的二氧化碳上升(2)和(5)使用热线风速计。实验2使用CO(2)数据记录仪比较了封闭屋檐和安装不良的门的参考金属屋顶房屋与(1)茅草屋顶和(2)屋檐、(2)屋檐管、(3)屏蔽门和(4)纱窗的相似房屋的通风情况。结果在实验1中，放置在两个相同房屋的室内的CO(2)数据记录器在所有三种记录二氧化碳减少或增加的方法中显示出相似的气流变化(p>；0.05)。在屋檐敞开或窗户有纱窗的房子里，鼓风机的门无法测量气流，风速计在现场条件下出现故障。在实验2中，与屋檐紧闭且门安装不良的金属顶盖房屋相比，茅草屋的屋檐敞开、只有遮阳门、遮阳门和窗户增加了室内通风(p<；0.05)。与参照房相比，屋檐管并没有增加通风。结论CO(2)数据记录仪是测量农村住宅夜间通气量的一种简单、有效的方法。金属屋面房屋的通风可以通过在相对的墙壁上增加两扇屏蔽门和窗来改善。通风的改善将导致热舒适性的提高，使人们更有可能睡在蚊帐下。
Background African houses are frequently too hot and uncomfortable to use a bed net at night. Indoor thermal comfort is often evaluated by measuring temperature and humidity, ignoring ventilation. This study explored ways to measure ventilation in single-roomed rural Gambian houses during the malaria transmission season and evaluated building designs that could increase airflow at night and help keep the occupants comfortable. Methods Two identical mud-walled houses were constructed with a metal roof, three doors and closed eaves. Experiment 1 compared five methods for measuring ventilation in a building: (1) using a blower door, (2) increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels indoors using an artificial source of CO(2)and then measuring the rate of gas decay, (3) using a similar approach with a natural source of CO2, (4) measuring the rise of CO(2)when people enter a building and (5) using hot-wire anemometers. Experiment 2 used CO(2)data loggers to compare ventilation in a reference metal-roofed house with closed eaves and badly-fitting doors with a similar house with (1) thatched roof and open eaves, (2) eaves tubes, (3) screened doors and (4) screened doors and windows. Results In experiment 1, CO(2)data loggers placed indoors in two identical houses showed similar changes in airflow (p > 0.05) for all three methods recording either decreasing or increasing CO2. Blower doors were unable to measure airflow in houses with open eaves or screened windows and the anemometers broke down under field conditions. In experiment 2, open eaves in thatched houses, screened doors alone, and screened doors and windows increased indoor ventilation compared to the reference metal-roofed house with closed eaves and badly fitting doors (p < 0.05). Eaves tubes did not increase ventilation in comparison to the reference house. Conclusion CO(2)data loggers proved to be a simple and efficient method for measuring ventilation in rural houses at night. Ventilation of metal-roofed houses can be improved by adding two screened doors and windows on opposite walls. Improved ventilation will result in increased thermal comfort making it more likely that people will sleep under a bed net.