Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia.
Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-017-1287-8
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Heathcote A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matzke D;Hughes M;Badcock JC;Michie P;Heathcote A
我们使用贝叶斯认知模型来确定停止信号范式中明显抑制缺陷的根本原因。该分析应用于Badcock等人（Psychological Medicine 32：87-297，）和Hughes等人（Biological Psychology 89：220-231，）报告的停止信号数据，其中精神分裂症患者和对照参与者做出快速选择反应，但在一些试验中发出信号停止他们正在进行的反应。以前的研究假设精神分裂症患者存在抑制缺陷，因为患者对停止信号做出反应的平均时间估计比对照组长。我们发现，这些较长的估计部分是由于未能对停止信号作出反应（“触发失败”），部分是由于抑制启动较慢，这意味着注意力的失败，而不是抑制过程本身的缺陷。Hughes等人报道的触发失败概率和事件相关电位之间的相关性被解释为支持抑制缺陷的注意解释。我们的结果，以及Matzke等人的结果，who报告说，控制也显示出相当大的，虽然较低的干扰失败率，表明注意力因素需要考虑时，解释结果停止信号范例。
We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data reported by Badcock et al. (Psychological Medicine 32: 87-297,) and Hughes et al. (Biological Psychology 89: 220-231,), where schizophrenia patients and control participants made rapid choice responses, but on some trials were signalled to stop their ongoing response. Previous research has assumed an inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia, because estimates of the mean time taken to react to the stop signal are longer in patients than controls. We showed that these longer estimates are partly due to failing to react to the stop signal (“trigger failures”) and partly due to a slower initiation of inhibition, implicating a failure of attention rather than a deficit in the inhibitory process itself. Correlations between the probability of trigger failures and event-related potentials reported by Hughes et al. are interpreted as supporting the attentional account of inhibitory deficits. Our results, and those of Matzke et al., who report that controls also display a substantial although lower trigger-failure rate, indicate that attentional factors need to be taken into account when interpreting results from the stop-signal paradigm.