Hunting for livelihood in northeast Gabon: patterns, evolution, and sustainability.
Hunting for livelihood in northeast Gabon: patterns, evolution, and sustainability.
复制标题
加蓬东北部的狩猎谋生：模式、演变和可持续性。
DOI：
10.5751/es-02560-130233
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
R. Nasi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Vliet;R. Nasi
我们提出了一个民族生物学的方法来分析狩猎活动的文化和社会驱动因素，并评估可持续性在Makokou附近的村庄，加蓬东北部，与猎人的访谈，参与狩猎领土的地图，和每日记录的摄取1年。在加蓬东北部的村庄里，狩猎既是为了当地消费，也是为了支付家庭基本开支的现金收入。与非洲其他地区一样，似乎没有明显的放弃生计狩猎转向商业狩猎的趋势。文化和社会经济因素解释了狩猎活动的时间和空间变化。在旱季举行割礼仪式期间，狩猎活动增加，主要在距离村庄10公里以上的地方进行，而在雨季则减少，因为大多数猎人忙于其他经济活动。退化的森林，如二次再生，提供了20%的动物死亡和最大的物种多样性在短距离的村庄。成熟的森林为物种提供了最大的商业价值，例如，红河猪（Potamochoerus porcus），是传统仪式的首选肉类来源。在过去的15年里，狩猎模式发生了迅速变化，主要是因为枪支狩猎的蔓延，这对货物的性质产生了严重影响。我们的研究结果表明，有可能允许狩猎抗性物种，如蓝色小羚羊（Cephalophus monticola）和非洲刷尾豪猪（Atherurus africanus）。其他物种，如红河猪和小型日间猴子需要更多的关注。可在参与性狩猎管理计划中讨论具体的管理制度，以确定可能的解决办法，维持较危急物种的种群数量。
We suggest an ethno-biological approach to analyze the cultural and social drivers of hunting activities and assess sustainability in villages near Makokou, northeast Gabon, based on interviews with hunters, participatory mapping of hunting territories, and daily records of offtakes for 1 yr. Hunting in villages of northeast Gabon is practiced for both local consumption and cash income to cover basic family expenses. There appears to be no clear tendency to abandon subsistence hunting for commercial hunting as in other regions of Africa. Cultural and socioeconomic factors explain the temporal and spatial variation in hunting activities. Hunting increases in the dry season during circumcision ceremonies, when it is practiced mainly at > 10 km from villages, and decreases during the rainy season because most hunters are occupied by other economic activities. Degraded forest such as secondary regrowth supplies 20% of the animals killed and the greatest diversity of species at short distances from villages. Mature forest supplies the species with the greatest commercial value, e.g., red river hog ( Potamochoerus porcus), and is the preferred source of meat for traditional ceremonies. In the last 15 yr, hunting patterns have changed rapidly, mainly because of the spread of gun hunting, which had serious implications for the nature of offtakes. Our results suggest that there is potential to allow hunting for resistant species such as blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) and African brush-tailed porcupine ( Atherurus africanus). Other species such as red river hog and small diurnal monkeys require more attention. Specific management systems could be discussed in participatory hunting management plans to identify possible solutions to maintain the population levels of the more critical species.