The Chinese in Philippine Life 1850-1898
The Chinese in Philippine Life 1850-1898
复制标题
菲律宾生活中的华人 1850-1898
DOI：
10.2307/40199605
复制
发表时间：
1966
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Edgar Wickberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Cheong;Edgar Wickberg
海外华人社区的发展，经济上强大，社会和文化上抵制同化，并在许多方面与中国联系在一起，是亚洲现代史上的一个重要现象。从1850年到1898年的半个世纪里，菲律宾的华人人口从5000人急剧增加到大约10万人，并渗透到群岛的每一个地方。自由化的西班牙移民法和他们自己的上级商业方法使中国人能够从出口作物经济的发展中获利，这涉及到菲律宾的原产品与外国制成品的交换，并导致中国企业的重点从小规模零售转向原材料收集和进口分销的实际垄断。经济实力的增强推动了世纪后期的排华运动，菲律宾华人第一次建立了社区机构来抵制同化，并向中国寻求援助。本研究的目的是描述1850年菲律宾华人的地位，并确定其如何受到随后四十年经济和社会变化的影响。
The development of overseas Chinese communities, economically powerful, socially and culturally resistant to assimilation, and tied in many ways to China, has been a significant phenomenon in the modern history of Asia. During the half century from 1850 to 1898, the Chinese population in the Philippines increased drastically from 5000 to perhaps 100,000, and penetrated every part of the archipelago. Liberalized Spanish immigration laws and their own superior business methods enabled the Chinese to profit from the development of an export crop economy, which involved the exchange of Philippine raw products for foreign manufactured goods, and caused a shift in the emphasis of Chinese enterprise - from small-scale retailing to a virtual monopoly of raw material collection and import distribution. Their increased economic power gave impetus to an anti-Chinese campaign in the latter years of the century, and the Philippine Chinese, for the first time, developed community institutions to resist assimilation and turned to China for aid. The purpose of this study is to describe the position of the Chinese in the Philippines as of 1850 and to determine how it was affected by the ensuing economic and social changes of the next four decades.