Identifying Hendra Virus Diversity in Pteropid Bats
Identifying Hendra Virus Diversity in Pteropid Bats
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0025275
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发表时间：
2011-09-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Field, Hume
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Ina;Broos, Alice;Field, Hume
亨德拉病毒（HeV）引起一种高死亡率的人畜共患疾病，由翼狐属蝙蝠（飞狐）通过中间马宿主传播给人类。促进从蝙蝠向马传播的因素目前尚不确定，但可能包括宿主和/或病原体和/或环境因素。目前缺乏来自天然蝙蝠宿主的戊肝病毒序列信息，因为以前的序列仅在外溢事件后从马或人身上获得。为了深入了解在飞狐中传播的可能的戊肝病毒变异，在澳大利亚昆士兰州的多个飞狐栖息地收集了尿液。研究发现，HeV在狐蝠中具有广泛的地理分布，许多HeV变体同时在多个地点传播，而有时发现同一变体在不同地点传播。变异内的序列多样性允许在核苷酸变化的基础上进行分化，并且确定了基因组中可用于区分循环变异的高变区。此外，在研究期间，从三个不同地点的四次狐蝠尿液中分离出戊肝病毒。数据表明，溢出事件与特定的HeV分离株无关，表明宿主和/或环境因素是蝙蝠马溢出的主要决定因素。因此，未来很可能发生溢出事件，因此，始终需要为人类和动物健康制定有效的风险管理战略。
Hendra virus (HeV) causes a zoonotic disease with high mortality that is transmitted to humans from bats of the genus Pteropus (flying foxes) via an intermediary equine host. Factors promoting spillover from bats to horses are uncertain at this time, but plausibly encompass host and/or agent and/or environmental factors. There is a lack of HeV sequence information derived from the natural bat host, as previously sequences have only been obtained from horses or humans following spillover events. In order to obtain an insight into possible variants of HeV circulating in flying foxes, collection of urine was undertaken in multiple flying fox roosts in Queensland, Australia. HeV was found to be geographically widespread in flying foxes with a number of HeV variants circulating at the one time at multiple locations, while at times the same variant was found circulating at disparate locations. Sequence diversity within variants allowed differentiation on the basis of nucleotide changes, and hypervariable regions in the genome were identified that could be used to differentiate circulating variants. Further, during the study, HeV was isolated from the urine of flying foxes on four occasions from three different locations. The data indicates that spillover events do not correlate with particular HeV isolates, suggesting that host and/or environmental factors are the primary determinants of bat-horse spillover. Thus future spillover events are likely to occur, and there is an on-going need for effective risk management strategies for both human and animal health.