Working Memory Training Reduces Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income Individuals With Elevated Delay Discounting.
Working Memory Training Reduces Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income Individuals With Elevated Delay Discounting.
复制标题
工作记忆训练可通过提高延迟折扣来减少低收入人群吸烟。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntac005
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yi,Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collado,Anahi;Felton,Julia;Grunevski,Sergej;Doran,Kelly;Yi,Richard
前言竞争神经行为决策系统理论将吸烟等成瘾行为定义为强冲动与弱执行决策过程之间的不平衡。工作记忆训练可能会增强执行决策过程，但很少有研究评估其对物质滥用的效果，证据喜忧参半。目前的研究是第一次评估工作记忆训练对吸烟的效果。我们认为延迟折扣(DD)的调节作用，即相对于较大的延迟奖励而言，更倾向于较小的、立即可用的奖励，这与吸烟的开始、进展和恢复有关。这项调查的重点是生活在高贫困、低资源环境中的个人，因为他们经历了与烟草相关的疾病的高负担。目的和方法该研究利用了一项随机临床试验产生的数据子集(N=177名吸烟者)，该试验评估了工作记忆训练对改善健康相关结果的有效性。参与者被随机安排完成最多15次积极的工作记忆训练或对照训练。结果发现，在被随机分配到工作记忆条件下的参与者中，那些基线DD率较高的人吸烟的次数减少(p=.05)。相反，基础DD发生率较高的随机对照个体吸烟增加(p=.025)。结论DD可能是工作记忆训练结果的重要指标，并可能成为未来有效靶向治疗的途径。这些发现表明，考虑到DD的影响，有可能有效地针对治疗。考虑到来自低资源社区的人患痴呆症的几率往往更高，而且基于计算机的工作记忆训练计划成本相对较低，而且可扩展，这些发现表明，这种方法可能对吸烟风险较高的成年人具有特定的实用价值。这项研究登记在ClinicalTrials.gov(标识NCT03501706)上。
IntroductionThe competing neurobehavioral decision systems theory conceptualizes addictive behavior, such as cigarette smoking, as arising from the imbalance between stronger impulsive relative to weaker executive decision processes. Working memory trainings may enhance executive decision processes, yet few studies have evaluated its efficacy on substance misuse, with mixed evidence. The current study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of a working memory training on cigarette smoking. We consider the moderating role of delay discounting (DD), or the preference for smaller, immediately available rewards relative to larger, delayed rewards, which has been associated with smoking onset, progression, and resumption. The investigation focuses on individuals living in high-poverty, low-resource environments due high burden of tobacco-related disease they experience.Aims and MethodsThe study utilized a subset of data (N= 177 individuals who smoke) generated from a randomized clinical trial that is evaluating the efficacy of working memory training for improving health-related outcomes. Participants were randomized to complete up to 15 sessions of the active, working memory training or a control training.ResultsFindings showed that among participants who were randomized to the working memory condition, those with higher rates of baseline DD demonstrated decreases in cigarette smoking (p= .05). Conversely, individuals randomized to the control condition, who had higher rates of baseline DD exhibited increases in cigarette smoking (p= .025).ConclusionsResults suggest that DD may be an important indicator of working memory training outcomes and a possible approach for effectively targeting treatments in the future.ImplicationsDD is important indicator of working memory training outcomes on cigarette smoking. The findings suggest the possibility to effectively target treatments considering the impact of DD. Given that rates of DD tend to be higher among individuals from low-resource communities, and that computer-based working memory training programs are relatively low-cost and scalable, these findings suggest this approach may have specific utility for adults at heightened risk for cigarette use.This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT03501706).