Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens.
Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-017-3597-6
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发表时间：
2017-03-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Grozinger CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Doublet V;Poeschl Y;Gogol-Döring A;Alaux C;Annoscia D;Aurori C;Barribeau SM;Bedoya-Reina OC;Brown MJ;Bull JC;Flenniken ML;Galbraith DA;Genersch E;Gisder S;Grosse I;Holt HL;Hultmark D;Lattorff HM;Le Conte Y;Manfredini F;McMahon DP;Moritz RF;Nazzi F;Niño EL;Nowick K;van Rij RP;Paxton RJ;Grozinger CM
生物体通常面临不同病原体的感染，宿主被认为对它们遇到的每种病原体都产生了特定的反应。转录组学的出现现在使得测试这一假设成为可能，并在全基因组范围内比较宿主基因表达对多种病原体的反应。在这里，我们使用一种新开发的生物信息学方法对多个已发表的和新的转录组进行了荟萃分析，该方法根据基因在数据集中的表达谱过滤基因。因此，我们确定了一种模式宿主物种蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）对其主要病原体和寄生虫的共同和独特的分子反应：Apis微孢子虫和ceranae微孢子虫、RNA病毒和传播病毒的外寄生螨瓦螨。我们发现了一组共同的基因和保守的分子途径，这些基因和分子途径对所有研究的病原体都有反应，这一结果表明，对不同病原体的反应机制具有共性。我们发现感染后差异表达的基因比非差异表达的基因表现出更高的进化速度。利用我们新的生物信息学方法，我们揭示了蜜蜂的其他病原体特异性反应；我们发现细胞凋亡似乎是微孢子虫感染后的一个重要反应，而来自免疫信号通路的基因Toll和Imd在Varroa/病毒感染后表达差异。最后，我们应用我们的生物信息学方法并生成了一个基因共表达网络来识别高度连接的（枢纽）基因，这些基因可能代表抗病原体反应的重要介质和调节因子。我们的荟萃分析产生了宿主代谢和其他生物过程的全面概述，介导昆虫与其病原体之间的相互作用。我们确定了关键的宿主基因和响应系统发育多样性病原体的途径，代表了未来功能研究的重要来源，并为鉴定或产生具有病原体抗性的蜜蜂种群提供了新的途径。为本研究开发的统计和生物信息学方法广泛适用于合成转录组数据集的信息。这些方法可能在解决各种生物学问题方面具有实用性。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3597-6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Organisms typically face infection by diverse pathogens, and hosts are thought to have developed specific responses to each type of pathogen they encounter. The advent of transcriptomics now makes it possible to test this hypothesis and compare host gene expression responses to multiple pathogens at a genome-wide scale. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of multiple published and new transcriptomes using a newly developed bioinformatics approach that filters genes based on their expression profile across datasets. Thereby, we identified common and unique molecular responses of a model host species, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to its major pathogens and parasites: the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, RNA viruses, and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, which transmits viruses. We identified a common suite of genes and conserved molecular pathways that respond to all investigated pathogens, a result that suggests a commonality in response mechanisms to diverse pathogens. We found that genes differentially expressed after infection exhibit a higher evolutionary rate than non-differentially expressed genes. Using our new bioinformatics approach, we unveiled additional pathogen-specific responses of honey bees; we found that apoptosis appeared to be an important response following microsporidian infection, while genes from the immune signalling pathways, Toll and Imd, were differentially expressed after Varroa/virus infection. Finally, we applied our bioinformatics approach and generated a gene co-expression network to identify highly connected (hub) genes that may represent important mediators and regulators of anti-pathogen responses. Our meta-analysis generated a comprehensive overview of the host metabolic and other biological processes that mediate interactions between insects and their pathogens. We identified key host genes and pathways that respond to phylogenetically diverse pathogens, representing an important source for future functional studies as well as offering new routes to identify or generate pathogen resilient honey bee stocks. The statistical and bioinformatics approaches that were developed for this study are broadly applicable to synthesize information across transcriptomic datasets. These approaches will likely have utility in addressing a variety of biological questions. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3597-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.