Warming-induced changes in predation, extinction and invasion in an ectotherm food web
Warming-induced changes in predation, extinction and invasion in an ectotherm food web
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-014-3211-4
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发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Linda I. Seifert;G. Weithoff;U. Gaedke;M. Vos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Linda I. Seifert;G. Weithoff;U. Gaedke;M. Vos
气候变化将改变温带外温带食物网中捕食和竞争的力量。这可能会增加当地的灭绝率，改变入侵的命运，并阻碍物种重新引入群落。入侵的成功可能受到特征(例如，防御)和对气候的适应的影响。我们研究了不同的温度如何影响物种灭绝的时间，使用双营养和三营养浮游食物网来评估捕食性过度开发和竞争排斥的相对重要性，在15℃和25℃。此外，我们测试了在这个模型食物网中包括亚热带菌株而不是温带菌株如何影响物种灭绝的时间。此外，我们还研究了在15℃和25℃的连续5个引种日期，温带轮虫花瓣臂尾轮虫入侵浮游食物网的成功情况，在此期间，捕食和竞争的相对力量不同。更高的温度极大地缩短了所有食草动物物种灭绝的时间，这是由于三栖系统中的肉食性过度开发所致。令人惊讶的是，气候变暖并没有增加两栖群落中被测试的食草动物物种的竞争排斥率。包括一种亚热带食草动物菌株，减少了高温下食肉动物自上而下的控制。温度B的入侵企图。在15摄氏度时，花萼进入食物网总是成功的，但在25摄氏度时，由于食肉动物贪婪地过度开发，一直失败。预先诱导防御(脊椎)INB。在高温下，未入侵前的花萼并没有改变其入侵成功的情况。我们的结论是，高温可能会促进温带外温带动物的局部灭绝，并降低它们成功恢复的机会。
Climate change will alter the forces of predation and competition in temperate ectotherm food webs. This may increase local extinction rates, change the fate of invasions and impede species reintroductions into communities. Invasion success could be modulated by traits (e.g., defenses) and adaptations to climate. We studied how different temperatures affect the time until extinction of species, using bitrophic and tritrophic planktonic food webs to evaluate the relative importance of predatory overexploitation and competitive exclusion, at 15 and 25 °C. In addition, we tested how inclusion of a subtropical as opposed to a temperate strain in this model food web affects times until extinction. Further, we studied the invasion success of the temperate rotiferBrachionus calyciflorusinto the planktonic food web at 15 and 25 °C on five consecutive introduction dates, during which the relative forces of predation and competition differed. A higher temperature dramatically shortened times until extinction of all herbivore species due to carnivorous overexploitation in tritrophic systems. Surprisingly, warming did not increase rates of competitive exclusion among the tested herbivore species in bitrophic communities. Including a subtropical herbivore strain reduced top-down control by the carnivore at high temperature. Invasion attempts of temperateB. calyciflorusinto the food web always succeeded at 15 °C, but consistently failed at 25 °C due to voracious overexploitation by the carnivore. Pre-induction of defenses (spines) inB. calyciflorusbefore the invasion attempt did not change its invasion success at the high temperature. We conclude that high temperatures may promote local extinctions in temperate ectotherms and reduce their chances of successful recovery.