Developmental Changes in Genetic Influences on Alcohol Use and Dependence
Developmental Changes in Genetic Influences on Alcohol Use and Dependence
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00207.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Dick, Danielle M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dick, Danielle M.
要了解遗传影响如何影响酒精的使用和依赖，就必须有一个发展的视角。遗传影响对酒精使用和依赖的重要性在不同发育阶段有很大不同，环境影响在青春期早期起主导作用，遗传影响在青春期和青春期变得越来越重要。此外，越来越多的证据表明，成人酒精依赖的遗传易感性表现出异型连续性，并与发育早期的行为问题有关。显然，酒精使用和依赖的遗传易感性是通过与环境的一系列复杂相互作用表现出来的，有证据表明，遗传倾向影响环境的选择，例如异常同伴，这进一步增加了酒精问题的风险，环境可以缓解或增强与物质使用有关的遗传倾向的表达。随着影响酒精依赖的基因越来越多地被识别，令人兴奋的机会是将这些发现与丰富的发展文献相结合，以便绘制与已识别的基因相关的风险路径以及它们在整个发育过程中与环境的相互作用。
Understanding how genetic influences affect alcohol use and dependence necessitates a developmental perspective. The importance of genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence varies dramatically across development, with environmental influences playing the predominant role early in adolescence and genetic influences assuming increasing importance across adolescence and into young adulthood. In addition, converging lines of evidence suggest that the genetic predisposition to adult alcohol dependence shows heterotypic continuity and is related to conduct problems much earlier in development. It is clear that the genetic susceptibility for alcohol use and dependence unfolds through a complex series of interactions with the environment, with evidence that genetic predispositions influence the selection of environments, such as deviant peers, which further elevate risk for alcohol problems, and that the environment can mitigate or augment the expression of genetic predispositions related to substance use. As genes influencing alcohol dependence are increasingly identified, exciting opportunities exist to integrate these findings with the rich developmental literature in order to map pathways of risk associated with identified genes and their interactions with the environment across development.