Potential targets for improving photosynthesis and crop yield
Potential targets for improving photosynthesis and crop yield
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
P. Sharma-Natu;M. C. Ghildiyal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Sharma-Natu;M. C. Ghildiyal
在过去的五十年里，许多作物的产量有了相当大的提高。这主要是对产量本身的经验选择的结果。然而，现在有些人担心，至少在一些重要作物1 - 3中，潜在和实际产量都在趋于平稳。这是因为产量的遗传增益越来越难以实现。提高产量的生理方法将有助于针对目前限制产量的关键制约因素。由于作物产量是生物量×收获指数（HI）的函数，因此可以通过增加生物量或收获指数或两者同时增加来提高产量。在那些HI较低的作物中，选择高HI仍然很重要。然而，许多作物的HI正在接近一个上限值，因此，为了增加潜在产量，必须增加作物生物量，即必须有更多的光合作用。从理论上讲，光合作用对太阳能的利用还有很大的提高空间。本文讨论了通过加强太阳辐射拦截、光合代谢和源汇平衡来实现这一目标的方法。
There has been considerable improvement in yield of many crops during the past fifty years. This has mainly been the result of empirical selection for yield per se. However, there is now some concern that both potential and actual yields are levelling-off at least in some important crops 1 - 3 . This is because genetic gains in yield are becoming harder to achieve. A physiological approach to yield improvement would help target the key constraints currently limiting yield. Since yield of a crop is a function of biomass x harvest index (HI), yield can be improved by increasing biomass or HI or both. In those crops where HI is low, selection for higher HI continues to be important. However, HI in many crops is approaching a ceiling value, therefore, in order to increase potential yield, crop biomass has to be increased, i.e. there will have to be more photosynthesis. Theoretically, there is considerable scope for improvement of solar energy utilization in photosynthesis. The means of achieving this through enhancing solar radiation interception, photosynthetic metabolism and source-sink balance have been discussed.