Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and risk of stillbirth
Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and risk of stillbirth
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DOI：
10.1097/01.ede.0000112209.47765.d9
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Nimrod, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodds, L;King, W;Nimrod, C
背景资料：用于消毒公共饮用水供应的氯与天然存在的有机物反应，形成许多化学副产品。最近的研究表明，暴露于氯化副产品在饮用水，三卤甲烷（THMs），特别是，与宫内death. Methods：我们进行了一项以人口为基础的病例对照研究，在新斯科舍省和东部安大略，加拿大，研究暴露于THMs对死胎风险的影响。病例为死产婴儿的妇女，对照组为随机抽样的活产妇女。受试者进行了采访，并与公共水源的妇女提供了住宅水样。风险进行了检查，根据住宅THM水平自来水和总暴露度量纳入自来水摄入，淋浴，bathing.Results：我们招募了112例死胎和398活产控制。与未暴露于THMs的妇女相比，住宅总THM水平为80 μ g/L或更高的妇女死产风险增加一倍（调整后的比值比[OR] = 2.2; 95%置信区间[CI] = 1.1-4.4）。最高的五分之一：与未暴露于THMs的女性相比，使用总暴露度量的总THM暴露的2.4（95%CI 1.2-4.6）与调整后的比值比相关。对于特定的THM化合物也观察到类似的结果。单调的剂量-反应关系没有看到。结论：我们的研究结果提供了证据，死产的风险增加与氯化副产品通过摄入和淋浴和洗澡，虽然没有一个明确的剂量-反应关系。
Background: The chlorine used to disinfect public drinking water supplies reacts with naturally occurring organic matter to form a number of chemical byproducts. Recent studies have implicated exposure to chlorination byproducts in drinking water, trihalomethanes (THMs), in particular, with intrauterine death.Method's: We conducted a population-based case-control study in Nova Scotia and Eastern Ontario, Canada, to examine the effect of exposure to THMs on stillbirth risk. Cases were women who had a stillborn infant, and controls were a random sample of women with live births. Subjects were interviewed, and women with a public water source provided a residential water sample. Risks were examined according to residential THM level in tap water and to a total exposure metric incorporating tap water ingestion, showering, and bathing.Results: We enrolled 112 stillbirth cases and 398 live birth controls. Women with a residential total THM level of 80 or more mug/L had twice the risk of a stillbirth compared with women with no exposure to THMs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.4). The highest quintile: of total THM exposure using the total exposure metric was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.6) compared with women not exposed to THMs. Similar results were seen for specific THM compounds. A monotonic dose-response relationship was not seen.Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for an increased risk of stillbirth associated with exposure to chlorination byproducts through ingestion and showering and bathing, although there was not a clear dose-response relationship.