Pro-inflammatory properties of cadmium.
Pro-inflammatory properties of cadmium.
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DOI：
10.18388/abp.2012_2080
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
T. Olszowski;I. Baranowska-Bosiacka;I. Gutowska;D. Chlubek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Olszowski;I. Baranowska-Bosiacka;I. Gutowska;D. Chlubek
镉是一种有毒、致癌的重金属，目前已构成严重的环境健康问题。本研究的目的是综述镉对选定的炎症介质和标志物的影响，如NF-κB和AP-1转录因子、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β细胞因子、IL-8或MIP-2趋化因子、MPO、iNOS、MMPs和考克斯-2酶、PGE（2）（考克斯-2酶的产物）、ICAM-1、VCAM-1和PECAM-1粘附分子以及CRP。研究策略确定了1998年至2012年期间发表在Medline上的文章;我们纳入了对人类和啮齿动物进行的体内和体外研究。大多数回顾的研究结果表明，微摩尔浓度的镉（特别是在1-10 μM范围内）会导致炎症介质和标志物的上调，并且似乎具有促炎特性。然而，值得一提的是，存在一个矛盾甚至相反的假设，这表明镉是一种抗炎因子。进一步的研究，包括详细的组织学分析应该解决这个矛盾。然而，这些矛盾的发现的主要原因似乎是实验设置：不同的生物系统分析和不同剂量的镉应用。
Cadmium is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal that nowadays constitutes a serious environmental health problem. The aim of this study is to review the effects of cadmium on selected inflammatory mediators and markers, such as NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β cytokines, IL-8 or MIP-2 chemokine, MPO, iNOS, MMPs and COX-2 enzymes, PGE(2) (product of COX-2 enzyme), ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 adhesion molecules, and CRP. The research strategy identified articles available in Medline, published between 1998 and 2012; we included both in vivo and in vitro studies carried out on humans and rodents. Most of the reviewed research findings suggest that cadmium in micromolar concentrations (especially in the 1-10 μM range) causes up-regulation of the mediators and markers of inflammation, and appears to have pro-inflammatory properties. However, it is worth mentioning that a contradictory or even opposite hypothesis exists, which suggests cadmium to be an anti-inflammatory factor. Further research including detailed histological analyses should solve this discrepancy. Nevertheless, it appears that the main reason for these contradictory findings is the experimental setup: different biological systems analyzed and different doses of cadmium applied.