Detection of ochratoxin A in animal feeds and capacity to produce this mycotoxin by Aspergillus section Nigri in Argentina
Detection of ochratoxin A in animal feeds and capacity to produce this mycotoxin by Aspergillus section Nigri in Argentina
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DOI：
10.1080/02652030210151895
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rosa, CAR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dalcero, A;Magnoli, C;Rosa, CAR
赭曲霉毒素A(OA)是一种在各种食物中检测到的真菌毒素，主要来自气候温和的国家，因为产生它的真菌主要是赭曲霉和疣状青霉。在阿根廷，没有关于饲料中天然存在的腐植酸和产赭曲霉毒素真菌的信息。目的是评估家禽、猪和兔饲料中OA在8个月内的自然发生情况。同时，考察了黑曲霉菌株产生油酸的能力。霉菌毒素分析显示，在几个月的采样中，在三种饲料中检测到OA。在所测试的家禽饲料样本中，38%的家禽饲料样本中发现了OA，含量在25至30 ng g(-1)之间。从兔饲料样品中，25%含有OA，含量范围为18.5-25ngg(-1)。只有13%的猪饲料样本受到类似水平的毒素污染。对从饲料中分离的94株黑曲霉进行了腐植酸生产试验。其中，供试物种为黑曲霉。尼日尔，A.niger var.Awamori、日本曲霉A.japonicus var.JAPONICUS、A·JAPONICUS Var.Aculeatus和A.fotidus。对于OA的检测，采用了三种方法：用于快速筛选生产OA的丝状真菌的两种TLC方法不够灵敏，不足以在任何一株黑色曲霉中检测到OA。当使用高效液相色谱法时，结果显示46%的黑曲霉菌株是OA的生产者，其培养基浓度从13到25 ng ml(-1)不等。从含有100%和78%黑曲霉的兔饲料中分离到最高比例的产赭曲霉毒素菌株。Niger和A.niger var.Awamori，平均水平分别为15.5和14.6ngml(-1)。从猪饲料中，61%的黑曲霉变种。Awamori是这种毒素的生产者，平均水平为16ngml(-1)。在家禽饲料中，检测到的OA产生菌株的百分比最低。不同采样月份饲料中OA的发生与贮藏和温湿度条件有关。因此，良好的储存实践对于防止办公自动化的产生变得非常重要。
Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin detected in a variety of food and feeds mostly from countries with a temperate climate because of the fungi that produce it, mainly Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. In Argentina, there is no available information about the natural occurrence of OA and ochratoxigenic fungi from feedstuffs. The aim was to evaluate the natural occurrence of OA in poultry, pig and rabbit feeds over 8 months. Likewise, the capacity to produce OA by Aspergillus section Nigri was investigated. Mycotoxin analysis showed that in some months of sampling, OA was detected in three feeds. OA was found in 38% of the poultry feed samples tested with levels ranging from 25 to 30 ng g(-1). From rabbit feed samples, 25% contained OA and the levels ranged from 18.5 to 25 ng g(-1). Only 13% of the pig feed samples were contaminated with similar levels of toxins. Ninety-four black Aspergillus strains from feedstuffs were tested for OA production. Among these, the tested species were A. niger var. niger, A. niger var. awamori, A. japonicus var. japonicus, A. japonicus var. aculeatus and A. foetidus. For the detection of OA, three methodologies were applied: the two TLC methods used for the fast screening of the filamentous fungi for the production of OA were not sensitive enough to detect OA in any of the black Aspergillus strains. When an HPLC methodology was used, the results showed that 46% of the black Aspergillus strains were producers of OA, with levels ranging from 13 to 25 ng ml(-1) culture medium. The highest percentage of ochratoxicogenic strains was isolated from rabbit feeds with 100 and 78% of A. niger var. niger and A. niger var. awamori, with mean levels of 15.5 and 14.6 ng ml(-1), respectively. From pig feeds, 61% of the A. niger var. awamori were producers of this toxin with mean levels of 16 ng ml(-1). In poultry feeds, the lowest percentage of OA producer strains was detected. The results for the occurrence of OA in feeds from different sampling months depended on storage and humidity-temperature conditions. Therefore, a good storage practice becomes very important to prevent OA production.