THE CLINICAL IMPACT OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY VIRUS-INFECTIONS
THE CLINICAL IMPACT OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY VIRUS-INFECTIONS
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm/152.4_pt_2.s4
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发表时间：
1995-10-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
DENNY, FW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DENNY, FW
急性呼吸道感染是人类宿主最常见的疾病。大多数感染是由病毒和细菌引起的;由病毒引起的比例要大得多。最常涉及的病毒是腺病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和鼻病毒。急性呼吸道感染在幼儿中更常见，具有相当特定的季节性发生，并且某些病原体与特定的呼吸道综合征有关。与呼吸道感染的发病率或严重程度增加相关的危险因素是发生在非常年轻或老年人中;拥挤;男性;吸入污染物;解剖学，代谢，遗传或免疫学疾病;营养不良，包括维生素或微量营养素缺乏症。呼吸道感染在发展中国家是一个比发达国家严重得多的问题，并且是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。同样的病原体也会引起感染，呼吸道感染的总发病率与发达国家相同。发展中国家发病率和死亡率上升的确切原因尚不清楚，但拥挤、吸入污染物和营养不良可能是原因之一。病毒和细菌的相互作用尚不清楚，但可能在呼吸道感染的严重程度增加中发挥作用。
Acute respiratory infections are the most frequent illnesses of the human host. Most infections are caused by viruses and bacteria; the proportion caused by viruses is much greater. The viruses most frequently involved are adenoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and rhinoviruses. Acute respiratory infections are more common in young children, have rather specific seasonal occurrences, and some agents are associated with specific respiratory syndromes. Risk factors associated with increased incidence or severity of respiratory infections are occurrence in the very you ng or the elderly; crowding; being male; inhaled pollutants; anatomic, metabolic, genetic or immunologic disorders; and malnutrition, including vitamin or micronutrient deficiency. Respiratory infections are a much greater problem in developing countries than in developed countries and are the leading causes of death in children under 5 yr of age. The same agents cause infections, and the incidence of total respiratory infections is the same as in the developed countries. The precise causes of increased morbidity and mortality in the developing world are unclear, but crowding, inhaled pollutants, and malnutrition are likely candidates. The interactive role of viruses and bacteria is not clear but may play a role in increased severity of respiratory infections.