Prevalence of refractive error among preschool children in an urban population: the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study.
Prevalence of refractive error among preschool children in an urban population: the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.12.030
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发表时间：
2009-04
期刊：
影响因子：
13.7
通讯作者：
Tielsch JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giordano L;Friedman DS;Repka MX;Katz J;Ibironke J;Hawes P;Tielsch JM
确定白色和非裔美国学龄前儿童屈光不正的年龄特异性患病率。巴尔的摩儿童眼部疾病研究是一项基于人群的评估，评估了美国马里兰州巴尔的摩6至71个月儿童眼部疾病的患病率。在确认的4，132名儿童中，有3，990名符合条件的儿童（97%）参加了调查，2，546名儿童（62%）接受了检查。使用Nikon Retinomax K-Plus 2对所有儿童进行睫状肌麻痹自动验光。如果在三次尝试后仍不能获得可靠的自动验光，则进行睫状肌麻痹条纹检影检查。非裔美国人和白色儿童的平均等效球镜（SE）屈光不正、散光和较高屈光不正的患病率。白色儿童右眼的平均等效球镜（SE）为+1.49屈光度（D）（标准差（SD）=1.23），非裔美国儿童为+0.71 D（SD=1.35）（平均差异为0.78 D，95% CI：0.67，0.89）。两组的平均SE屈光不正均未随年龄增长而下降。屈光不正较小的眼睛中1.00 D或以上近视的患病率在白色儿童中为0.7%，在非洲裔美国儿童中为5.5%（RR：8.01，95%置信区间（CI）：3.70，17.35）。屈光不正较小的眼睛中+3D或以上远视的患病率在白色儿童中为8.9%，在非裔美国儿童中为4.4%（相对风险（RR）：0.49，95% CI：0.35，0.68）。白人和非裔美国人的正视（小于-1.00 D至小于+1.00 D）患病率分别为35.6%和58.0%（RR：1.64，95% CI：1.49，1.80）。根据已发表的处方指南，5.1%的儿童将从眼镜矫正中获益。然而，只有1.3%的患者之前接受过矫正。在城市学龄前儿童中，显著的屈光不正并不常见。在这项横断面研究中，没有证据表明在这个年龄范围内近视发生了变化。一小部分学龄前儿童可能会受益于屈光矫正，但很少有人有这种规定。
To determine the age-specific prevalence of refractive errors in White and African-American preschool children. The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study is a population-based evaluation of the prevalence of ocular disorders in children aged six through 71 months in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Among 4,132 children identified, 3,990 eligible children (97%) were enrolled and 2,546 children (62%) were examined. Cycloplegic autorefraction was attempted on all children using a Nikon Retinomax K-Plus 2. If a reliable autorefraction could not be obtained after three attempts, cycloplegic streak retinoscopy was performed. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error, astigmatism, and prevalence of higher refractive errors among African American and White children. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of right eyes was +1.49 diopter (D) (standard deviation (SD) =1.23) in White and +0.71D (SD=1.35) in African-American children (mean difference of 0.78D, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.89). Mean SE refractive error did not decline with age in either group. The prevalence of myopia of 1.00 D or more in the eye with the lesser refractive error was 0.7% in White and 5.5% in African-American children (RR: 8.01 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.70, 17.35). The prevalence of hyperopia of +3D or more in the eye with the lesser refractive error was 8.9% in White and 4.4% in African-American children (relative risk (RR): 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.68). The prevalence of emmetropia (less than −1.00 D to less than +1.00 D) was 35.6% in Whites and 58.0 % in African-Americans (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.80). Based on published prescribing guidelines 5.1% of the children would have benefited from spectacle correction. However, only 1.3% had been previously prescribed correction. Significant refractive errors are uncommon in this population of urban preschool children. There was no evidence for a myopic shift over this age range in this cross-sectional study. A small proportion of preschool children would likely benefit from refractive correction, but few have had this prescribed.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
ABRAHAMSSON, M;FABIAN, G;SJOSTRAND, J
通讯作者：
SJOSTRAND, J
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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3.9
作者：
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MORGAN, L
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4.1
作者：
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Lam, DSC
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1.8
作者：
Gwiazda, J;Grice, K;Thorn, F
通讯作者：
Thorn, F