Characterization and growth response of bacteria in soil following application of carbofuran.
Characterization and growth response of bacteria in soil following application of carbofuran.
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DOI：
10.1080/03601239209372771
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发表时间：
1992-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. E. Edwards;R. Kremer;A. J. Keaster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. E. Edwards;R. Kremer;A. J. Keaster
呋喃丹（2, 3-二氢-2, 2 二甲基-7-苯并呋喃基甲基氨基甲酸酯）的增强生物降解是一种具有经济意义但人们知之甚少的土壤微生物现象。进行了一系列实验来检查呋喃丹田间施用所刺激的土壤细菌种群的短期变化。在田间试验中，将商业配制的克百威和丁酯（S-乙基二异丁基硫代甲酸酯）分别以 5.6 kg ai ha-1 和 8.4 kg ai ha-1 施用在土壤（Putnam 淤泥壤土）上，表现出克百威的降解增强。在实验室研究中，将工业级呋喃丹（20 mg kg-1 土壤）施用于田间土壤样品。使用非选择性（胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂）和含有呋喃丹或丁酯的选择性培养基估计细菌种群。与未处理土壤中的种群相比，在处理后 7 至 15 天 (DAT) 期间观察到经过农药处理的土壤中种群数量的最大增加。由于呋喃丹的应用，细菌总数和推测的呋喃丹降解剂显着增加（P 小于 0.05），这与假单胞菌种群的增加有关。和黄杆菌属。与持续超过 20 DAT 的放线菌相比，呋喃丹的应用似乎为这些物种提供了竞争优势。将普特南土壤中细菌对克百威的生长反应与本地草原土壤（墨西哥淤泥壤土）中的细菌生长反应进行了比较，后者的克百威降解速度要慢得多。细菌群体对呋喃丹的反应是可测量的，但小且短暂。增强的降解现象的持久性可能在于农药给极小部分微生物群体带来持续的竞争优势。使用传统电镀技术 20 天后可能无法检测到这种优势。
Enhanced biodegradation of carbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2 dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methyl carbamate) is an economically significant, but poorly understood, microbial phenomenon in soil. A series of experiments was conducted to examine short term changes in soil bacterial populations stimulated by carbofuran application at field rates. In the field experiment, commercially formulated carbofuran and butylate (S-ethyl diisobutyl carbamothioate) were applied at 5.6 kg ai ha-1 and 8.4 kg ai ha-1, respectively, on a soil (Putnam silt loam) exhibiting enhanced degradation of carbofuran. In laboratory studies, technical grade carbofuran (20 mg kg-1 soil) was applied to samples of the field soil. Bacterial populations were estimated using non-selective (tryptic soy agar) and selective media containing carbofuran or butylate. Largest population increases in pesticide-treated soil were observed between 7 and 15 days after treatment (DAT) compared to populations in non-treated soil. Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in total bacterial populations and presumed carbofuran-degraders due to carbofuran application were associated with increased populations of Pseudomonas spp. and Flavobacterium spp. Application of carbofuran appeared to provide a competitive advantage to these species over actinomycetes persisting beyond 20 DAT. Growth responses of bacteria to carbofuran in the Putnam soil were compared to those in a native prairie soil (Mexico silt loam), which exhibited a much slower rate of carbofuran degradation. Bacterial population response to carbofuran was measurable, but small and short-lived. Perpetuation of the enhanced degradation phenomenon may lie in a persistent pesticide-induced competitive advantage given to a very small segment of the microbial population. This advantage may not be detectable after 20 days using conventional plating techniques.