On-line analysis of organic emissions from residential wood combustion with single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS)
On-line analysis of organic emissions from residential wood combustion with single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.036
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Zimmermann, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Czech, H.;Sippula, O.;Zimmermann, R.
采用不同的气体分析技术对现代燃木砖石加热器的有机排放物的时间变化进行了研究：用于实时分析挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)、中挥发性有机化合物 (IVOC) 和半挥发性有机化合物 (SVOC) 的单光子电离飞行时间质谱 (SPI-TOFMS)，以及用于气体分析的气体分析系统 成分 CO2、CO、NOx 和有机气态碳（OGC，通过火焰离子化检测器定量）。通过在 4 小时内连续燃烧 6 批，每批 2.5 公斤，对欧洲三种常见木柴（山毛榉、桦木和云杉）的排放进行了调查。讨论了燃烧期间的分批排放和时间变化。由于燃木砖石加热器中空气分级技术的最新改进，OGC、VOC 和 IVOC 整个燃烧循环的排放因子比之前的许多研究低了一个数量级，而 CO 和 NOx 仍然相当。对于每个燃烧实验，超过 50% 的质谱总强度发生在前两批燃烧期间。此外，通过按顺序使用非负矩阵分解 (NMF) 和主成分分析 (PCA) 来检查燃烧阶段的分子特征（“点火”、“稳定燃烧”和“余烬”）。用于木材或生物质燃烧的标记物质，例如酚类物质或呋喃衍生物，在“稳定燃烧”期间表现出最高的相对丰度，而“余烬”的明显特征是通过热解产生多不饱和烃，例如苯或萘；在“点燃”中，二次分解产物占主导地位。然而，最高数量的排放总是发生在每批开始时的“点火”期间，随后是“余烬”和“稳定燃烧”阶段。 (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
A study about the temporal variation of organic emissions from a modern wood log fired masonry heater was carried out with different gas analysis techniques: single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) for real-time analysis of volatile (VOC), intermediate-volatile (IVOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), and a gas analyser system for gaseous components CO2, CO, NOx and organic gaseous carbon (OGC, quantified by flame ionisation detector). The emissions of three in Europe common types of firewood (beech, birch and spruce) were investigated by combustion of six consecutive batches of 2.5 kg each over 4 h. Batchwise emissions and temporal variations during combustion were discussed. Emission factors over the whole combustion cycle for OGC, VOC and IVOC were right up to one order of magnitude lower than in many previous studies due to latest improvements of air staging technology in wood log fired masonry heaters, whereas CO and NOx remained comparable. Regarding each combustion experiment, more than 50% of the total intensity of the mass spectra occurred during the combustion of the first two batches. Moreover, the molecular signatures of burning phases ('ignition', 'stable combustion' and 'ember') were examined by using non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) and principal component analysis (PCA) in sequence. Marker substances for wood or biomass combustion, such as phenolic species or furan derivatives, exhibited highest relative abundance during 'stable combustion', whereas 'ember' is distinctly characterised by polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, such as benzene or naphthalene, through pyrosynthesis; in 'ignition', secondary decomposition products dominated. Nevertheless, highest quantitative emissions always occurred during 'ignition' at the beginning of each batch, followed by the phases 'ember' and 'stable combustion'. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.