Chloramphenicol: A review of its use in clinical practice.
Chloramphenicol: A review of its use in clinical practice.
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氯霉素：对其在临床实践中的使用进行回顾。
DOI：
10.1093/clinids/3.3.479
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Eufronio G. Maderazo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Henry M. Feder;Carl Osier;Eufronio G. Maderazo
氯霉素具有某些显著的特性：它能可靠地渗透到中枢神经系统;它通常是抑菌的，但对流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌具有杀菌作用;它在肝脏中代谢，需要监测肝病患者和新生儿血清中的药物水平。潜在的毒性限制了这种药物的使用。据估计，再生障碍性贫血的死亡发生在24，500 - 40，800个疗程的oe中。肠外治疗后再生障碍性贫血的发生率尚不清楚，但只有少数病例报告。灰婴综合征发生在早产儿和新生儿接受高剂量或未经修改的氯霉素。这种情况可以通过减少剂量和监测这些婴儿血清中的药物水平来避免。最常见的毒性是可逆的、剂量相关的骨髓抑制，通过连续监测网织红细胞和全血细胞计数来确定。由于尚未对氯霉素和替代抗生素的毒性和疗效进行比较研究，因此该药物的许多适应症仍存在争议。
Chloramphenicol has certain notable characteristics: it penetrates reliably into the central nervous system; it is usually bacteriostatic, but is bactericidal for Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis; it is metabolized in the liver, and levels of drug in serum need to be monitored in patients with liver disease and in neonates. Potential toxicity limits the use of this drug. It has been estimated that death from aplastic anemia occurs in oe of 24,500-40,800 courses of treatment. The incidence of aplastic anemia after parenteral therapy is unknown; however, only a few cases have been reported. The gray baby syndrome occurred in premature and newborn infants receiving high or unmodified doses of chloramphenicol. This condition can be avoided by reduction of dosage and by monitoring levels of drug in the serum of these infants. The most common toxicity is a reversible, dose-related bone marrow suppression, which is identified by serial monitoring of reticulocyte and complete blood cell counts. Many of the indications for use of this drug are still controversial because studies comparing the toxicity and efficacy of chloramphenicol and of alternative antibiotics have not been done.
T nakayama 等人：“食品添加剂和实验性过敏性结膜炎。”
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