Associative Learning of Social Value in Dynamic Groups
Associative Learning of Social Value in Dynamic Groups
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797617706394
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Phelps, Elizabeth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FeldmanHall, Oriel;Dunsmoor, Joseph E.;Phelps, Elizabeth A.
尽管人类生活在经常需要与多人同时互动的社会中，但人们对群体环境中的社交学习知之甚少。在两个实验中，我们将巴甫洛夫学习框架与二元经济博弈相结合，以测试阻塞机制是否支持收益（利他独裁者）和损失（贪婪强盗）领域中基于价值的社会学习。受试者首先了解到一位无私的独裁者，随后他与伴侣集体进行了无私的分裂。结果显示，由于独裁者的存在已经预测了结果，因此受试者没有学会将价值与合作伙伴联系起来。这种社会封锁效应在损失领域没有观察到：一个善良的强盗伙伴，可以偷走受试者所有的钱，但偷得很少，获得了高度正的价值——这使受试者的后续行为产生了偏差。这些发现揭示了巴甫洛夫机制如何支持有效的社会学习，同时也证明了违反社会期望会降低这些机制被招募的容易程度。
Although humans live in societies that regularly demand engaging with multiple people simultaneously, little is known about social learning in group settings. In two experiments, we combined a Pavlovian learning framework with dyadic economic games to test whether blocking mechanisms support value-based social learning in the gain (altruistic dictators) and loss (greedy robbers) domains. Subjects first learned about an altruistic dictator, who subsequently made altruistic splits collectively with a partner. Results revealed that because the presence of the dictator already predicted the outcome, subjects did not learn to associate value with the partner. This social blocking effect was not observed in the loss domain: A kind robber's partner, who could steal all the subjects' money but stole little, acquired highly positive value-which biased subjects' subsequent behavior. These findings reveal how Pavlovian mechanisms support efficient social learning, while also demonstrating that violations of social expectations can attenuate how readily these mechanisms are recruited.