A massive core for a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 4.3-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1038/s41586-018-0025-2

发表时间：

2018-04

期刊：

Nature

影响因子：

64.8

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

综合性期刊1区

文献类型：

作者：

T. Miller;T. Miller;S. Chapman;S. Chapman;S. Chapman;M. Aravena;M. Ashby;C. Hayward;J. Vieira;A. Weiss;A. Babul;M. Béthermin;C. Bradford;M. Brodwin;J. Carlstrom;Chian-Chou Chen;D. Cunningham;D. Cunningham;C. Breuck;Anthony H. Gonzalez;T. Greve;J. Harnett;Y. Hezaveh;K. Lacaille;K. Lacaille;K. Litke;Jingzhe Ma;M. Malkan;D. Marrone;W. Morningstar;E. Murphy;D. Narayanan;E. Pass;E. Pass;R. Perry;K. Phadke;D. Rennehan;K. Rotermund;J. Simpson;J. Simpson;J. Spilker;J. Sreevani;A. Stark;M. Strandet;A. Strom

大质量的星系团已经被发现，可以追溯到大爆炸后的30亿年，包含在更早的时代形成的恒星。这些星系团的高红移祖先--被称为“原星系团”--可以在宇宙学模拟中被识别出来，它们具有最高的暗物质超密度（比平均密度高）。原星系团中包含着质量极大的星系，可以观测到明亮的星暴。然而，最近探测到的可能的原星系团托管这样的星爆，，-不支持那种快速的集群核心的形成预期从模拟：所观察到的结构只包含少数星爆星系分布在一个广阔的区域，与贫穷的证据，最终崩溃成一个原星系团。在这里，我们报告的一氧化碳和电离碳排放源SPT 2349 -56的意见。我们发现，这个源包括至少14个富含气体的星系，所有的红移为4.31。我们证明，这些星系中的每一个形成恒星的速度都比我们自己的银河系快50到1,000倍，并且所有星系都位于直径仅为130千秒差距的投影区域内。这个星系的表面密度是平均空白场值的10倍以上（对所有红移进行积分），是平均场体积密度的1,000倍以上。这些星系的速度色散（大约每秒410公里）和巨大的气体和恒星形成密度表明，这个系统代表了一个星系团的核心，当宇宙只有14亿岁时，这个星系团已经处于形成的高级阶段。与其他已知的高红移原星团的比较表明，SPT 2349 -56可能正在建造当今宇宙中最大的结构之一。

Massive galaxy clusters have been found that date to times as early as three billion years after the Big Bang, containing stars that formed at even earlier epochs, –. The high-redshift progenitors of these galaxy clusters—termed ‘protoclusters’—can be identified in cosmological simulations that have the highest overdensities (greater-than-average densities) of dark matter, –. Protoclusters are expected to contain extremely massive galaxies that can be observed as luminous starbursts. However, recent detections of possible protoclusters hosting such starbursts, , –do not support the kind of rapid cluster-core formation expected from simulations: the structures observed contain only a handful of starbursting galaxies spread throughout a broad region, with poor evidence for eventual collapse into a protocluster. Here we report observations of carbon monoxide and ionized carbon emission from the source SPT2349-56. We find that this source consists of at least 14 gas-rich galaxies, all lying at redshifts of 4.31. We demonstrate that each of these galaxies is forming stars between 50 and 1,000 times more quickly than our own Milky Way, and that all are located within a projected region that is only around 130 kiloparsecs in diameter. This galaxy surface density is more than ten times the average blank-field value (integrated over all redshifts), and more than 1,000 times the average field volume density. The velocity dispersion (approximately 410 kilometres per second) of these galaxies and the enormous gas and star-formation densities suggest that this system represents the core of a cluster of galaxies that was already at an advanced stage of formation when the Universe was only 1.4 billion years old. A comparison with other known protoclusters at high redshifts shows that SPT2349-56 could be building one of the most massive structures in the Universe today.

A massive core for a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 4.3

文献摘要

被引文献

相似文献