Extreme deformability of insect cell membranes is governed by phospholipid scrambling
Extreme deformability of insect cell membranes is governed by phospholipid scrambling
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DOI：
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109219
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发表时间：
2021-06-08
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Umeda, Masato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shiomi, Akifumi;Nagao, Kohjiro;Umeda, Masato
动态细胞结构的组织对细胞的各种功能至关重要。在这项研究中，我们报道了果蝇和伊蚊具有高度弹性的细胞膜，具有极低的膜张力和高的抗机械应力能力。与其他真核细胞不同的是，磷脂对称分布在昆虫质膜的双层小叶之间，破坏脂质不对称的磷脂合成酶（XKR）在其中具有组成性活性。我们还证明，xkr促进磷脂搅乱通过调节肌动蛋白皮质动力学和磷脂双分子层的机械特性来促进细胞膜的可变形性。此外，xkr介导的弹性细胞膜的构建对于果蝇心血管系统的血细胞循环至关重要。Aedes XKR的表达也增强了哺乳动物细胞的变形，因此磷脂混乱可能有助于在各种真核细胞中形成高度变形的细胞膜。
Organization of dynamic cellular structure is crucial for a variety of cellular functions. In this study, we report that Drosophila and Aedes have highly elastic cell membranes with extremely low membrane tension and high resistance to mechanical stress. In contrast to other eukaryotic cells, phospholipids are symmetrically distributed between the bilayer leaflets of the insect plasma membrane, where phospholipid scramblase (XKR) that disrupts the lipid asymmetry is constitutively active. We also demonstrate that XKR-facilitated phospholipid scrambling promotes the deformability of cell membranes by regulating both actin cortex dynamics and mechanical properties of the phospholipid bilayer. Moreover, XKR-mediated construction of elastic cell membranes is essential for hemocyte circulation in the Drosophila cardiovascular system. Deformation of mammalian cells is also enhanced by the expression of Aedes XKR, and thus phospholipid scrambling may contribute to formation of highly deformable cell membranes in a variety of living eukaryotic cells.