Evolution Analysis of the Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan Proteins in Plants Shows Variable Fasciclin-AGP Domain Constitutions
Evolution Analysis of the Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan Proteins in Plants Shows Variable Fasciclin-AGP Domain Constitutions
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms20081945
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发表时间：
2019-04-02
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Ma, Haoli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Jiadai;Zhao, Hua;Ma, Haoli
成束蛋白样阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白（FLA）在植物发育和适应环境中发挥着重要作用。 FLA 包含成束蛋白结构域和阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白 (AGP) 区域，这些区域已在多种植物中得到鉴定。该基因家族在植物中的进化历史仍未被发现。在这项研究中，我们利用生物信息学方法鉴定了覆盖主要植物谱系的 13 个植物物种中的 FLA 基因家族。总共鉴定了 246 个 FLA 基因，基因拷贝数范围从 1 个（卷曲角叉菜）到 49 个（毛果杨）。主要基于植物 FLA 的系统发育分析，将这些 FLA 分为七组。陆地植物中的所有 FLA 都包含一到两个成束蛋白结构域，而在藻类中，一些 FLA 包含四个或六个成束蛋白结构域。有人提出，在进化史上，从藻类到陆地植物，存在着一种分化事件，表现为束蛋白结构域数量的减少。此外，FLA 基因中的内含子在植物进化过程中丢失，特别是从绿藻到陆地植物。此外，发现基因复制事件，包括片段和串联复制对于FLA基因家族的扩展至关重要。 FLA基因家族中的重复基因对主要是在纯化选择下进化的。我们的研究结果深入了解了 FLA 基因家族的起源和扩展，并帮助我们了解它们在进化过程中的功能。
The fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) play important roles in plant development and adaptation to the environment. FLAs contain both fasciclin domains and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) regions, which have been identified in several plants. The evolutionary history of this gene family in plants is still undiscovered. In this study, we identified the FLA gene family in 13 plant species covering major lineages of plants using bioinformatics methods. A total of 246 FLA genes are identified with gene copy numbers ranging from one (Chondrus crispus) to 49 (Populus trichocarpa). These FLAs are classified into seven groups, mainly based on the phylogenetic analysis of plant FLAs. All FLAs in land plants contain one or two fasciclin domains, while in algae, several FLAs contain four or six fasciclin domains. It has been proposed that there was a divergence event, represented by the reduced number of fasciclin domains from algae to land plants in evolutionary history. Furthermore, introns in FLA genes are lost during plant evolution, especially from green algae to land plants. Moreover, it is found that gene duplication events, including segmental and tandem duplications are essential for the expansion of FLA gene families. The duplicated gene pairs in FLA gene family mainly evolve under purifying selection. Our findings give insight into the origin and expansion of the FLA gene family and help us understand their functions during the process of evolution.