Field-Level Sublethal Effects of Approved Bee Hive Chemicals on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L)
Field-Level Sublethal Effects of Approved Bee Hive Chemicals on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L)
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0076536
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发表时间：
2013-10-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Delaplane, Keith S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berry, Jennifer A.;Hood, W. Michael;Delaplane, Keith S.
在一项跨越两个州、历时两年重复进行的研究中，我们在田间条件下测试了杀螨剂阿皮斯坦(Tau氟氰菊酯)和Check Mite+(Coumaphos)以及木材防腐剂环烷酸铜对蜜蜂的亚致死效应。一个连续的协变量，群体瓦罗亚尘螨指数，帮助我们消除了化学物质对蜜蜂的影响，同时根据控制尘螨的假定好处进行了调整。用阿比斯坦或Check Mite+处理的蜂群中的螨类水平与未处理的对照组没有差异。与未经处理的对照组相比，实验化学物质显著降低了3天的孵化存活率，并增加了蜂王替代细胞的构建。与未处理的对照相比，暴露于Check Mit+的未成熟蜜蜂成年后的遗传死亡率高于未处理的对照，而暴露于蜜蜂的蜜蜂与未处理的对照相比具有更高的遗传死亡率。与未处理的对照相比，对照增加了成虫羽化体重。虽然在联想学习测试中有治疗效果，但不可能统计出不同的处理方法，但用阿皮斯坦治疗的蜜蜂表现相对较好。蜂箱化学制剂对蜂群数量、产卵量、蜂蜜量、取食率、标记放飞蜜蜂返巢所需时间、放飞蜜蜂返巢百分率、蜂群微孢子虫孢子量均无明显影响。据我们所知，这是第一次研究在田间条件下以标签率使用蜂箱化学品的亚致死效应，同时消除从化学品实现的防治尘螨益处的结果的歧义。鉴于杀螨剂在减少粉尘方面的糟糕表现及其对宿主的不一致影响，这些结果为使用蜜蜂健康管理做法辩护，将外来蜂箱化学品的使用降至最低。
In a study replicated across two states and two years, we tested the sublethal effects on honey bees of the miticides Apistan (tau fluvalinate) and Check Mite+ (coumaphos) and the wood preservative copper naphthenate applied at label rates in field conditions. A continuous covariate, a colony Varroa mite index, helped us disambiguate the effects of the chemicals on bees while adjusting for a presumed benefit of controlling mites. Mite levels in colonies treated with Apistan or Check Mite+ were not different from levels in non-treated controls. Experimental chemicals significantly decreased 3-day brood survivorship and increased construction of queen supercedure cells compared to non-treated controls. Bees exposed to Check Mite+ as immatures had higher legacy mortality as adults relative to non-treated controls, whereas bees exposed to Apistan had improved legacy mortality relative to non-treated controls. Relative to non-treated controls, Check Mite+ increased adult emergence weight. Although there was a treatment effect on a test of associative learning, it was not possible to statistically separate the treatment means, but bees treated with Apistan performed comparatively well. And finally, there were no detected effects of bee hive chemical on colony bee population, amount of brood, amount of honey, foraging rate, time required for marked released bees to return to their nest, percentage of released bees that return to the nest, and colony Nosema spore loads. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine sublethal effects of bee hive chemicals applied at label rates under field conditions while disambiguating the results from mite control benefits realized from the chemicals. Given the poor performance of the miticides at reducing mites and their inconsistent effects on the host, these results defend the use of bee health management practices that minimize use of exotic hive chemicals.