Coping with change: responses of the Uzbek water management regime to socio-economic transition and global change
Coping with change: responses of the Uzbek water management regime to socio-economic transition and global change
复制标题
应对变化：乌兹别克斯坦水管理制度对社会经济转型和全球变化的反应
DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2010.09.001
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
C. Pahl‐Wostl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maja Schlüter;D. Hirsch;C. Pahl‐Wostl
乌兹别克斯坦（中亚）的水资源管理面临着巨大的挑战。它们的根源在于过去和现在的环境恶化、苏联解体后的社会经济转型以及气候变化的影响。乌兹别克斯坦政府已经启动了农业和水资源部门的改革，以引导社会经济转型，解决日益严重的水资源短缺和农业生产力下降的威胁。然而，尽管问题紧迫，而且有大量的国际援助，但到目前为止，对水管理制度的改变只是微乎其微。在本文中，我们通过对最近两个政策进程的分析，确定了适应水管理制度的主要结构性障碍。这两个过程都解决了紧迫的水管理问题，如“应对极端事件”和“为生态系统提供水”。使用管理和过渡框架以及与国家、区域和地方各级利益攸关方进行的小组模型构建练习对它们进行了分析。分析显示，在正式系统的各级行政之间缺乏纵向一体化，水管理的高度集中仍然普遍存在。此外，水管理制度深受影响政策进程结果的非正式机构的影响。由非正式制度指导的相互作用提供了制度不同行政层次之间的非正式联系。然而，这些非正式网络和嵌入其中的社会资本反而阻碍了必要的变革。社会经济转型引发的自上而下的制度变革，以及通过非正式过程和网络自下而上巩固现有现状的结果，阻碍了社会学习。它还减缓了一个适应过程，而这个过程有可能导致向适应性更强的体制过渡。
Water management in Uzbekistan (Central Asia) is facing tremendous challenges. They are rooted in past and present environmental degradation, the socio-economic transition after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the impacts of climate change. The Uzbek government has initiated reforms in the agricultural and water sectors to steer the socio-economic transition and address the threats of increasing water scarcity and decreasing agricultural productivity. However, despite the urgency of the problems and massive international assistance changes to the water management regime have only been minimal so far. In this paper we identify major structural barriers for adaptation of the water management regime through an analysis of two recent policy processes. Both processes address pressing water management issues such as “coping with extreme events” and “providing water for ecosystems”. They were analyzed using the Management and Transition Framework as well as a group model building exercises with stakeholders on the national, regional and local levels. The analyses reveal a lack of vertical integration across administrative levels of the formal system and a still prevailing strong centralization of water management. Moreover the water management regime is strongly influenced by informal institutions that shape the outcomes of policy processes. The interactions guided by informal institutions provide an informal link between different administrative levels of the regime. However, those informal networks and the social capital embedded in them rather prevent needed changes. The resulting combination of top down institutional change initiated by socio-economic transition and bottom-up consolidation of the existing status quo via informal processes and networks prevents social learning. It also slows down an adaptation process that potentially could lead to a transition towards a more adaptive regime.