Emerging Insights into the Esophageal Microbiome.
Emerging Insights into the Esophageal Microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11938-018-0171-5
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Abrams JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
May M;Abrams JA
食管微生物组的分析仍然是一个相对较新的研究领域，迄今为止大多数研究都集中在描述健康和疾病状态下的食管微生物组。微生物组的改变与结肠和胃肠道其他部位的炎症和肿瘤的发病机制有关。包括巴雷特食管（BE）、食管腺癌（EAC）、食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）和嗜酸性食管炎（EoE）在内的各种食道疾病的流行病学表明，微生物组是疾病发病机制的潜在辅助因素，这些微生物组的改变可能直接促成这些疾病中致癌或特应性所必需的炎症环境。天然食道微生物组的组成与口腔微生物组相似，厚壁菌门和链球菌属的相对丰度较高。迄今为止有限的研究表明，某些微生物组的改变与食道疾病有关。此外，可以通过非内镜手段间接评估食管微生物组。这提高了非侵入性微生物组分析可用于疾病筛查和监测的可能性。进一步了解食管微生物组在疾病发病机制中的作用，以及微生物组改变的方法，可能有助于阐明疾病修饰治疗的未来靶点，或为各种食管疾病高风险患者提供微创筛查工具。
Analysis of the esophageal microbiome remains a relatively new field of research, and most studies to date have focused on characterizing the esophageal microbiome in states of health and disease. Microbiome alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions in the colon and elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. The epidemiology of various esophageal conditions including Barrett’s esophagus (BE), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) point to the microbiome as a potential co-factor in disease pathogenesis, and the possibility exists that these microbiome alterations could contribute directly to the inflammatory environments necessary for the carcinogenesis or atopy involved in these conditions. The native esophageal microbiome is similar in composition to the oral microbiome, with a high relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and the genus Streptococcus. Limited studies to date suggest that there are certain microbiome alterations associated with esophageal diseases. Additionally, it may be possible to indirectly assess the esophageal microbiome via non-endoscopic means. This raises the possibility that non-invasive microbiome analysis could be used for disease screening and monitoring. Further understanding of the role of the esophageal microbiome in disease pathogenesis, as well as methods for microbiome alteration may help elucidate future targets for disease modifying therapies, or minimally invasive screening tools in patients at high risk for development of various esophageal conditions.