Measurements of pCO2 and pH from an autonomous surface vehicle in a coastal upwelling system
Measurements of pCO2 and pH from an autonomous surface vehicle in a coastal upwelling system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.01.001
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Friederich, Gernot E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chavez, Francisco P.;Sevadjian, Jeff;Friederich, Gernot E.
由于人类活动将二氧化碳（CO2）输入大气层，海洋吸收二氧化碳，并伴随着海洋化学变化，因此迫切需要扩大海洋表面和大气二氧化碳观测的覆盖范围。传统的取样平台（如船舶和系泊设备）不具备评估迅速变化的二氧化碳状况的影响所需的空间和时间分辨率，而且操作费用昂贵。通过2012年3月开始的一系列部署，Liquid Robotics，Inc.已经配备了传感器，用于测量大气和海面的pH值、CO2分压（pCO（2））以及风速和风向，由此可以计算CO2的瞬时海-气通量。这些部署，大多数靠近蒙特雷湾，加州，是高度相关的三角洲pCO（2）测量从蒙特雷湾水族馆研究所（MBARI）的长期系泊站M1，以及从船上的观察。在具有高度可变pCO（2）水平的加州中部上升流系统中，滑翔机捕获了与上升流锋相关的大空间梯度。在< 0.5公里范围内观测到的海面pCO（2）差异高达470 mu atm。然而，与传统的船舶采样方法不同，新一代采样平台能够以一小部分成本进行连续的长期（数月）部署。因此，这些工具有可能填补目前在了解全球变化对海洋化学的影响方面的重要空白。
Anthropogenic input of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere and its uptake by the ocean with associated changes in ocean chemistry have created an urgent need to expand coverage of sea surface and atmospheric carbon dioxide observations. Conventional sampling platforms (e.g. ships and moorings) do not provide the spatial and temporal resolution needed to assess the effects of rapidly changing carbon dioxide conditions and are expensive to operate. Through a series of deployments beginning in March 2012, two versions of the Wave Glider autonomous surface vehicles from Liquid Robotics, Inc. have been instrumented with sensors to measure pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) of the atmosphere and sea surface, and wind speed and direction, from which instantaneous sea-air fluxes of CO2 can be calculated. These deployments, most near Monterey Bay, California, were highly correlated with Delta pCO(2) measurements obtained from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's (MBARI) long-term mooring station M1, as well as from shipboard observations. In the central California upwelling system with highly variable pCO(2 )levels, the gliders captured large spatial gradients associated with upwelling fronts. Differences in sea surface pCO(2) as large as 470 mu atm over < 0.5 km were observed. Unlike traditional ship sampling methods, however, this new generation of sampling platforms is capable of continuous long-term (months) deployments at a fraction of the cost. The vehicles thus have the potential of filling important gaps in present understanding of the effects of global change on ocean chemistry.