Soil pore structure changes induced by biochar affect microbial diversity and community structure in an Ultisol
Soil pore structure changes induced by biochar affect microbial diversity and community structure in an Ultisol
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2022.105505
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Cai-di Yang;Jingjing Liu;Huanchang Ying;Shenggao Lu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cai-di Yang;Jingjing Liu;Huanchang Ying;Shenggao Lu
生物炭添加对土壤微生物影响的化学机制已被广泛研究。然而，很少有研究探讨生物炭施用对土壤微生物的物理变化的影响。研究了秸秆生物炭修饰的Ultisol的孔隙结构对微生物多样性和群落结构的影响。采用氮吸附等温线（NAI）和汞侵入孔隙度法（MIP）测定土壤孔隙特征。通过16s rRNA基因v4 ~ v5序列和ITS1基因v5序列分析细菌和真菌群落组成和多样性。MIP结果表明，生物炭增加了土壤的总孔隙率、总孔隙体积、平均孔径以及bb0 75、30-75和5-30µm孔隙体积。秸秆原料和生物炭热解温度对土壤微生物多样性和群落结构有影响。RB550处理土壤的细菌和真菌香农多样性最高，CB350处理土壤的细菌丰度最高。生物炭的添加主要提高了放线菌属、Ellin6067、链霉菌属和massilia等细菌的相对丰度，降低了假单胞菌属、甲基细菌属和亚硝基螺旋体属的相对丰度。然而，真菌属在生物炭改良的土壤中有较大的变化。土壤中bbb50µm孔隙对微生物多样性和丰度有积极影响。嗜酸菌属和好氧菌属与bbb75、30-75和5-30µm孔体积呈正相关，尤其是ellin6067、FlavisolibacterandHaliangium。而兼性厌氧菌属（甲基杆菌属、假单胞菌属和亚硝基螺旋体属）和厌氧菌属（Christensenellaceae_R-7_group）与< 5µm孔隙体积呈正相关或无明显规律性。大多数真菌属倾向于生活在bbb50µm的较大孔隙中，并可以扩展到较小的孔隙中。因此，孔隙特征在很大程度上决定了生物炭改性土壤的微生物群落结构。
The chemical mechanisms by which biochar addition affected soil microorganisms have been extensively studied. However, few studies investigated the effect of physical alteration induced by biochar application on microorganisms in soils. The study focused on how the pore structure affected microbial diversity and community structure in an Ultisol amended with straw-derived biochars. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm (NAI) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were used to measure the soil pore characteristics. The bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity were analyzed by the sequencing of V4-V5 of 16 S rRNA gene and ITS1 gene, respectively. MIP results showed that biochar increased the total porosity, total pore volume, average pore diameter and the volumes of > 75, 30–75 and 5–30 µm pores in soils. The straw feedstock and pyrolysis temperature of biochar affected the microbial diversity and community structure in soils. The soil amended with RB550 had the highest Shannon diversity of bacteria and fungi, while the soil treated with CB350 had the highest bacterial abundance. The addition of biochar mainly increased the relative abundances of bacterial generaActinospica,Ellin6067,StreptomycesandMassilia, while decreased the abundance of Pseudomonas,MethylobacteriumandNitrosospira. However, the fungal genera had a greater variation in biochar-amended soils. The > 5 µm pores in soils had positive effects on the microbial diversity and abundance. The bacterial genera that were acidophilic and aerobic had positive correlations with the volumes of > 75, 30–75 and 5–30 µm pores, especiallyEllin6067,FlavisolibacterandHaliangium. Inversely, the genera that were facultative anaerobic (Methylobacterium,PseudomonasandNitrosospira) and anaerobic (Christensenellaceae_R-7_group) showed a positive correlation with the volume of < 5 µm pores or no obvious regularity. Most fungal genera tended to live in the larger pores of > 5 µm and could extend into smaller pores. Therefore, the pore characteristics largely determined the microbial community structure in the biochar-amended soils.