Geographic and Ecological Overlap of Parasitoid Wasps Associated with the Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species Complex
Geographic and Ecological Overlap of Parasitoid Wasps Associated with the Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species Complex
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与苹果实蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）物种复合体相关的寄生蜂的地理和生态重叠
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
J. Feder
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作者：
A. Forbes;G. Hood;J. Feder
进化生态学的一个基本问题是试图理解新的生物多样性是如何被创造和构建成群落的。苹果蛆，Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)（双翅目：蝗科），是一种通过寄主植物转移来快速形成生态物种的模式，它的寄生群落可以为回答这个问题和其他相关问题提供见解。Rhagoletis的物种形成似乎也推动了寄主特异性寄生蜂Diachasma alloeum （Muesebeck）的顺序物种形成（膜翅目：小蜂科）。然而，关于异源弓形虫和其他类寄生虫攻击蝇类的生物学和地理信息非常缺乏，这一问题使它们的进化研究变得复杂。在这里，我们提出了地理范围的综合和扩展寄主关联的rhagoletis -攻击型寄生蜂，并测试寄生蜂是否可以重叠的寄主使用。我们特别要问的是，1)在同域共生的黄蜂是否会攻击苍蝇的不同生命阶段，2)在局部共生的黄蜂是否有一些共同的苍蝇种类，而不是其他的，3)黄蜂在它们共同拥有的苍蝇宿主上的本地丰度不同，4)黄蜂的地理分布在区域尺度上有所不同。我们使用收集和出版的记录来回答上述问题。对rhagoletis攻击寄生物分布的深入了解将有助于今后对该系统中序列辐射的研究。
ABSTRACT One of the fundamental questions in evolutionary ecology seeks to understand how new biodiversity is created and structured into communities. The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a model for rapid ecological speciation via host plant shifting for phytophagous insects, and its parasitoid community can offer insight into answering this and other related questions. Speciation of Rhagoletis also seems to be driving sequential speciation in a host specific parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). However, biological and geographic information regarding D. alloeum and other parasitoids attacking flies in the genus Rhagoletis is sorely lacking, a problem that complicates the study of their evolution. Here, we present a synthesis of the geographic ranges and extended host associations of Rhagoletis-attacking parasitoids and test whether parasitoids can overlap in host use. In particular, we ask whether 1) wasps that co-occur in sympatry attack different life stages of the fly, 2) locally co-occurring wasps share some fly species in common but not others, 3) wasps differ in local abundance on those fly hosts they share in common, and 4) wasps vary on a regional scale in their geographic distributions. We use both collections and published records to answer the above-mentioned questions. A strong understanding of the Rhagoletis-attacking parasitoid distributions will facilitate future study of sequential radiation in this system.