One hundred and twenty years of change in fishing power of English North Sea trawlers
One hundred and twenty years of change in fishing power of English North Sea trawlers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/9781444302653.ch1
复制
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Engelhard, Georg H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engelhard, Georg H.
渔船的捕鱼能力不同，也就是说，如果它们在同一时间和地点捕鱼，它们在单位时间内捕获的鱼的数量不同，而且随着时间的推移，捕鱼能力有增加的总体趋势。通常，捕鱼力研究仅限于1-2年的比较，但在这里，我试图量化过去120年英国北海拖网渔船的这种趋势。对渔业历史的回顾表明，帆船拖网渔船、蒸汽拖网渔船以及目前的机动水獭拖网渔船和双梁拖网渔船是如何依次主导拖网渔业的。捕捞能力总体上出现了巨大的增长，但这一趋势几乎是线性的：捕捞能力有时在几年内“跃进”，但有时也在几十年内停滞不前。据估计，与历史上的帆船拖网渔船相比，千禧年前后的机动水轮机拖网渔船的鳕鱼捕捞力提高了50倍，双梁拖网渔船的鲽鱼捕捞力提高了100倍。然而，这并不意味着渔业变得更加有利可图，因为捕捞率的增长远远落后于捕捞能力的增长，而且所有迹象都表明，目前国际北海拖网渔船船队的产能严重过剩。
Fishing vessels differ in fishing power-that is, in the quantity of fish they would catch per unit time if they were fishing at the same time and location-and there is a general trend of increasing fishing power over time. Typically, fishing power studies are limited to comparisons over 1-2 decades, but here I attempt to quantify this trend for English North Sea trawlers over the past 120 years. A review of fishing history shows how sailing trawlers, steam trawlers, and currently both motor otter trawlers and twin-beam trawlers have in turn dominated the trawl fisheries. A huge, overall increase in fishing power has occurred but the trend has been all but linear: fishing power has sometimes "leapt" forward within a few years, but at times has also stagnated for decades. Compared with historical sailing trawlers, motor otter trawlers around the Millennium are estimated to have 50 times higher cod fishing power, and twin-beam trawlers to have 100 times higher plaice fishing power. However, this does not mean that fisheries have become more profitable, because increases in catch rates have lagged far behind those in fishing power, and everything points in the direction of great overcapacity of the current international North Sea trawling fleet.